Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2002, published 91st ILC session (2003)

Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105) - Israel (Ratification: 1958)

The Committee has noted the information provided by the Government in reply to its previous direct request.

1. Article 1(a) of the Convention. With reference to its earlier comments, the Committee notes the Government’s indication that there have been no recorded convictions during the reporting period for offences falling under sections 145(2) and (5), 146 to 149, 151 or 159(a) of Penal Law 5737-1977. The Committee requests the Government to continue to supply information on the application in practice of these provisions, including copies of any court decisions defining or illustrating their scope.

2. Article 1(d). In comments made since 1980 the Committee noted that under section 160 of Penal Law 5737-1977:

[…] if the Government is of the opinion that serious disturbances exist in labour relations, threatening or prejudicing the economy in Israel or trade with foreign States, it may by proclamation declare a state of emergency for the purposes of this section, and so long as such a proclamation is not revoked, a person who takes part in a lock-out or strike in relation to the commercial transport of goods or conveyance of passengers in Israel or between Israel and foreign States or in the provision of a public service in Israel or incites to, aids or encourages such a lock-out or strike or the continuance thereof is liable to imprisonment for one year, […]

which involves an obligation to perform labour in accordance with section 48(a) of the same Law.

While noting the Government’s explanations concerning the work of prisoners, as well as the Government’s repeated statement that section 160 has never been enforced, the Committee refers to paragraph 126 of its 1979 General Survey on the Abolition of Forced Labour in which it pointed out that a suspension of the right to strike enforced by sanctions involving compulsory labour is compatible with the Convention only in so far as it is necessary to cope with the cases of force majeure in the strict sense of the term, namely when the existence or well-being of the whole or part of the population is endangered, provided that the duration of the prohibition is limited to the period of immediate necessity. The Committee reiterates its hope that section 160 of the Penal Law will be either repealed or amended so as to limit its scope to circumstances which would constitute a "state of emergency" in the strict sense of the term.

The Committee previously noted the Government’s indication in its reports that the question of rephrasing of section 160 would be examined within the framework of an overall revision of the Penal Law. It requests the Government to provide, in its next report, information on any progress achieved in this regard.