Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2004, published 93rd ILC session (2005)

Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105) - Jamaica (Ratification: 1962)

Article 1(c) and (d) of the Convention. For a number of years, the Committee has commented on certain provisions of the 1894 Merchant Shipping Act which provided for the punishment of various disciplinary offences with imprisonment (involving an obligation to perform labour under the Prisons Law) and for the forcible conveyance of seafarers on board ship to perform their duties.

The Committee previously noted that the punishment of disciplinary offences with imprisonment (involving an obligation to perform labour) is still provided for in sections 178(1)(b), (c) and (e) and 179(a) and (b) of the new Jamaica Shipping Act, 1998, which came into operation on 2 January 1999. While the new Act contains no provisions concerning the forcible conveyance of seafarers on board ship, the offences of desertion and absence without leave are still punishable with imprisonment (involving an obligation to work) (section 179). Similarly, penalties of imprisonment are provided for in section 178(1)(b), (c) and (e), inter alia, for wilful disobedience or neglect of duty or combining with any of the crews to impede the progress of the voyage, and by virtue of section 178(2) an exemption from liability under subsection (1) applies only to seafarers participating in a lawful strike after the ship has arrived and has been secured in good safety to the satisfaction of the master at a port, and only at a port in Jamaica.

The Committee pointed out, referring also to paragraphs 117-119 and 125 of its 1979 General Survey on the abolition of forced labour, that provisions under which penalties of imprisonment (involving an obligation to work) may be imposed for desertion, absence without leave or disobedience are incompatible with the Convention. Only sanctions relating to acts that are likely to endanger the safety of the ship or the life or health of persons (e.g. as provided for in section 177 of the new Shipping Act) have no bearing on the Convention.

The Government indicates in its report that the Maritime Authority has given written instructions to the Attorney-General’s Department and the Office of the Parliamentary Council to amend the above sections of the Shipping Act, 1998, in order to make its provisions compatible with the Convention.

The Committee notes this indication with interest and trusts that the necessary measures will at last be taken to bring the legislation into conformity with the Convention, e.g. by amending or repealing the abovementioned provisions of the Shipping Act, 1998, and that the Government will soon report the progress made in this regard.