Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2005, published 95th ILC session (2006)

Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87) - Bahamas (Ratification: 2001)

The Committee notes the Government’s report.

The Committee expresses its appreciation that the Government sent a copy of the Industrial Relations Act as requested and wishes to raise the following points with regard to this legislation.

Article 2 of the Convention. (a) Right of workers and employers, without distinction whatsoever, to establish and join organizations. The Committee notes that the Labour Relations Act does not apply to the prison service (section 3). The Committee is of the opinion that the functions exercised by prison staff should not justify their exclusion from the right to organize. The Committee therefore requests the Government to take the necessary measures so as to guarantee the right to establish and join workers’ organizations to prison staff and keep it informed of the measures taken or envisaged in this respect.

(b) Right of workers and employers to establish organizations without previous authorization. The Committee notes that according to section 8(1)(e), the Registrar shall refuse to register a trade union if he considers, after applying the rules for the registration of trade unions, that the union should not be registered. The rules for registration are provided in Schedule I. According to section 1 of the Schedule, in applying the rules of the registration of trade unions, the Registrar shall exercise his discretion. In the Committee’s view, provisions which confer on the competent authority a genuinely discretionary power to grant or reject a registration request, or to grant or withhold the approval required for the establishment and functioning of an organization, are tantamount to a requirement for previous authorization which is not compatible with Article 2 of the Convention (see General Survey of 1994 on freedom of association and collective bargaining, paragraph 74). The Committee therefore asks the Government to take the necessary measures to ensure that no discretionary power is conferred to the Registrar to refuse the registration of trade unions or employers’ organizations and to keep it informed of the measures taken or envisaged in this respect.

Article 3. (a) Right of workers’ and employers’ organizations to draw their constitutions and rules and to elect their representatives freely. 1. The Committee notes section 20(2), according to which, the secret ballot for election or removal of trade union officers and for amendment of its constitution should be taken under the supervision of the Registrar or a designated officer. The Committee considers that provisions which allow supervision by the administrative authorities of the election procedure and the procedure for amendment of trade union constitution are contrary to the principles of freedom of association (see General Survey, op. cit., paragraph 115). The Committee therefore requests the Government to amend section 20 so as to ensure that trade unions could conduct a ballot without interference from the authorities and to keep it informed of the measures taken or envisaged in this respect.

2. The Committee notes that the constitution of every trade union should provide that executive committees and officers of trade unions should be elected at intervals not exceeding three years (section 9(4)(1) of Schedule I). The Committee requests the Government to indicate whether this section implies that trade union officers cannot be re-elected for the consecutive term.

3. The Committee notes that, according to section 9(4)(3) of Schedule I, the constitution of a trade union should include a provision to the effect that every officer must be a person who is legally entitled to be employed in the Bahamas in the industry, or as a member of the craft or category of employees, which the union represents. The Committee requests the Government to clarify the meaning of this provision and, in particular, to indicate whether only nationals of the Bahamas could be elected to the posts of trade union officers.

(b) Right to strike. 1. The Committee notes section 20(3) requiring a strike ballot to be taken under supervision by an officer of the Ministry. If this section is not complied with, a strike is unlawful. The Committee considers that, with a view to ensuring freedom from any influence or pressure by the authorities, which might affect the exercise of the right to strike in practice, the legislation should not provide for supervision of a ballot by the authorities. The Committee requests the Government to amend section 20(3) accordingly to the above principle and to keep it informed of the measures taken or envisaged in this respect.

2. The Committee notes that, under the terms of section 73, the Minister shall refer the dispute to the Tribunal if the parties to the dispute, within non-essential services, failed to reach a settlement. It is unlawful to recourse to strike action once the dispute is referred to the Tribunal (section 77(1)). Furthermore, according to section 76(1), a strike which, in the opinion of the Minister, affects or threatens the public interest, might be referred to the Tribunal for settlement. The Committee recalls that compulsory arbitration to end a collective labour dispute and a strike is acceptable only if it is at the request of both parties involved in a dispute, or if the strike in question may be restricted, even banned, i.e. in the case of a dispute in the public service involving public servants exercising authority in the name of the State, in the event of an acute national emergency, or in essential services in the strict sense of the term, namely those services whose interruption would endanger the life, personal safety or health of the whole or part of the population. The Committee therefore requests the Government to take the necessary measures to amend its legislation so as to bring it into conformity with the Convention and to keep it informed of the measures taken or envisaged in this respect.

3. The Committee notes that section 75 restricts the objective of a strike. It appears to the Committee that protest and sympathy strikes are illegal under the terms of section 75. In the view of the Committee, organizations responsible for defending workers’ socio-economic and occupational interests should, in principle, be able to use strike action to support their position in the search for solutions to problems posed by major social and economic policy trends which have a direct impact on their members and on workers in general, in particular as regards employment, social protection and the standard of living. Furthermore, the Committee considers that a general prohibition on sympathy strikes could lead to abuse and that workers should be able to take such action, provided the initial strike they are supporting is itself lawful (see General Survey, op. cit., paragraphs 165 and 168). The Committee requests the Government to ensure the right of workers’ organizations to recourse to this type of strikes and to keep it informed of the measures taken or envisaged in this respect.

4. The Committee notes that, when a strike is organized or continued in violation of the abovementioned provisions, excessive sanctions, including imprisonment for up to two years are provided (sections 74(3), 75(3), 76(2)(b) and 77(2)). The Committee recalls that all penalties in respect of illegitimate actions linked to strikes should be proportionate to the offence or fault committed and the authorities should not have recourse to measures of imprisonment for the mere fact of organizing or participating in a peaceful strike. Therefore, the Committee requests the Government to amend the Labour Relations Act so as to bring it into conformity with freedom of association principles on this point. 

Article 5. Right of organizations to establish federations and confederations and to affiliate with international organizations. 1. The Committee notes section 4 of Schedule I concerning the registration of federations, etc. The Committee asks the Government to explain how this provision is applied in practice.

2. The Committee notes section 39 concerning control of foreign connections of unions and federations. Under the terms of this section, it shall not be lawful for a trade union to be a member of any body constituted or organized outside the Bahamas without a licence from the Minister, who has discretionary power to grant or refuse it and/or to accompany it with certain conditions. The Committee recalls that Article 5 of the Convention stipulates that first-level organizations, as well as federations and confederations, have the right to affiliate with international organizations of workers and employers. Legislation which restricts the right of international affiliation by requiring prior authorization by the public authorities, or by permitting it only in certain conditions established by law, poses serious difficulties with regard to the Convention. The Committee therefore requests the Government to take the necessary measures to amend its legislation so as to bring it into conformity with the Convention.

Finally, with reference to its previous direct request, the Committee once again requests the Government to provide information on the situation with regard to the draft Trade Union and Labour Relations Act and the draft Industrial Tribunal and Trade Disputes Act.