Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2020, published 109th ILC session (2021)

Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) - Djibouti (Ratification: 2005)

The Committee notes with deep concern that the Government’s report has not been received. It is therefore bound to repeat its previous comments. The Committee informs the Government that, if it has not supplied replies to the points raised by 1 September 2021, then it may proceed with the examination of the application of the Convention on the basis of the information at its disposal at its next session.

Repetition

Article 1 of the Convention. National policy to ensure the effective abolition of child labour; application of the Convention in practice. In its previous comments, the Committee noted the Decent Work Country Programme (DWCP) 2008–12 for Djibouti, which prioritized, inter alia, the improvement of conditions of work by promoting national and international labour standards, with a particular focus on child labour. The Committee also noted the adoption of the National Strategic Plan for Children in Djibouti (PSNED) for the 2011–2015 period, with the goal of establishing a protective environment conducive to the observance of the fundamental rights of children. The Committee asked the Government to provide information on the implementation of the DWCP and the PSNED and on the results achieved regarding the progressive elimination of child labour. It also asked the Government to provide information on progress made in framing a national policy to combat child labour.

The Committee notes that, according to UNICEF, for the 2002–12 period, 7.7 per cent of children between five and 14 years of age in Djibouti were engaged in activities deemed to be work. The Committee notes the Government’s indication in its report that it is not in a position to communicate the results achieved through the PSNED since the studies conducted are still in draft form. The Government also indicates that the DWCP could not be adopted owing to a lack of agreement with the trade unions and it hopes for a resumption of social dialogue, with ILO assistance, with a view to adoption and implementation of the DWCP in the near future. The Committee also notes the “Djibouti Compendium of Statistics” attached to the Government’s report and the Government’s statement that the Directorate of Statistics and Demographic Studies (DISED) has not undertaken any survey in relation to child labour. The Committee firmly hopes for a resumption of social dialogue without delay and requests that the Government take the necessary steps to ensure the effective implementation of the DWCP and the PSNED. It requests that the Government provide information on the results achieved regarding the progressive elimination of child labour and on progress made in framing a national policy to combat child labour. Lastly, the Committee again requests that the Government take the necessary measures to ensure that studies on the extent and nature of child labour in Djibouti are conducted in the near future, and that the results are then communicated to the Office.

Article 2(1). Scope of application and labour inspection. The Committee previously noted that, by virtue of section 1 of Act No. 133/AN/05/5ème issuing the Labour Code (hereinafter: Labour Code), the Labour Code applies only to employment relationships. It also noted the Government’s indication that the provision on the minimum age for access to work is observed in the formal sector but is not applied effectively in the informal economy. The Committee further noted that, despite new Act No. 199/AN/13/6ème, supplementing Act No. 212/AN/07/5ème establishing the National Social Security Fund, which extends health-care benefits to all self-employed workers in the informal economy, the Government recognized that the lack of structure in the informal economy prevented the identification of issues faced by young workers in the sector.

The Committee notes the Government’s indication that it hopes to submit the question of informal work to the National Labour Council, with a particular focus on the Transition from the Informal to the Formal Economy Recommendation, 2015 (No. 204). The Committee recalls that the Convention applies to all branches of economic activity, whether formal or informal, and that it covers all types of employment or work, whether or not it is effected on the basis of a dependent employment relationship, and whether or not it is remunerated. The Committee therefore requests that the Government take steps to ensure that the protection afforded by the Convention is secured to children under 16 years of age working in the informal economy, particularly by adapting and strengthening the labour inspectorate in order to improve labour inspectors’ capacity to identify cases of child labour. It requests that the Government provide information on this matter and also to communicate the results achieved.

Article 2(3). Age of completion of compulsory schooling. The Committee previously noted that, according to section 4 of Act No. 96/AN/00/4ème setting out the policy for Djibouti’s education system, the State guarantees education for children from the age of six to 16 years. The Committee also noted that, in 2006, the net primary school enrolment rate was 66.2 per cent and at secondary level the rate was 41 per cent.

The Committee notes that, despite the improvements in school attendance, Djibouti still has a low school enrolment rate and that the goal, established in the PSNED, of achieving a 100 per cent enrolment rate for children in the 6–10 age group by 2015 was not achieved. Indeed, in 2014, according to the UNESCO Institute of Statistics, the attendance rate was 67.39 per cent in primary education and 46.35 per cent in secondary education. Recalling that compulsory education is one of the most effective means of combating child labour, the Committee requests that the Government intensify its efforts and take measures that will ensure children’s participation in compulsory basic schooling, or in an equivalent setting. It requests that the Government provide information on the recent measures taken to increase the school attendance rate, at both primary and secondary levels, so as to prevent children under 16 years of age from working. It further requests that the Government provide recent statistics on the primary and secondary school enrolment rates in Djibouti.

Article 3(1). Age of admission to hazardous work. The Committee previously noted that, according to section 112 of the Labour Code, at the request of a labour inspector, women or young persons between 16 and 18 years of age may not be placed in employment recognized as being beyond their strength by an approved doctor. However, the Committee observed that the national legislation does not appear expressly to establish, as Article 3(1) of the Convention requires, a minimum age of 18 years for any type of employment or work which, by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to jeopardize the health, safety or morals of young persons. Noting once again the lack of information on this matter in the Government’s report, the Committee again requests that the Government take the necessary measures to ensure that no person under 18 years of age is authorized to engage in hazardous work, in accordance with Article 3(1). It requests that the Government provide information on the progress made in this regard.

Article 3(2). Determination of hazardous types of work. The Committee recalls that, according to section 110 of the Labour Code, the employment of young persons in domestic work, hotels and bars is strictly prohibited, with the exception of employment strictly in the area of catering. Furthermore, under section 111 of the Labour Code, an order adopted on the proposal of the Minister of Labour and the Minister of Health, after consultation with the National Council for Labour, Employment and Social Security (CONTESS), shall determine the nature of the work and the categories of enterprise prohibited for all women, pregnant women and young people, and the applicable minimum age. The Committee previously asked the Government to adopt such an order on jobs and enterprises prohibited for young people.

The Committee again notes the Government’s indication that the order in question has been drawn up and that it has pledged to refer the adoption thereof to CONTESS. It also indicates that no controls have been undertaken to date by the labour inspectorate on hazardous types of work performed by young people. The Committee again requests that the Government take the necessary steps as a matter of urgency to ensure that the order determining the nature of the work and the categories of enterprise prohibited for young people under 18 years of age is adopted under section 111 of the Labour Code in the near future.

Noting the interest expressed by the Government in obtaining technical assistance from the Office, the Committee invites the Government to avail itself of ILO technical assistance in order to facilitate the application of the Convention.

The Committee is raising other matters in a request addressed directly to the Government.

The Committee expects that the Government will make every effort to take the necessary action in the near future.