All Comments

In order to provide a comprehensive view of the issues relating to the application of ratified Conventions on occupational safety and health (OSH), the Committee considers it appropriate to examine Conventions Nos 45 (underground work (women)), 115 (radiation protection), 119 (guarding of machinery), 120 (hygiene (commerce and offices)) and 148 (working environment (air pollution, noise, and vibration)) and 155 (OSH) together.

Application in practice of Conventions Nos 115, 119, 120, 148 and 155. The Committee notes the information provided in the Government’s report on Convention No. 155 that in 2019, the State Inspection Service for Labour, Migration and Employment (SILME) received 79 reports of accidents, 11 of which involved more than one person. These accidents resulted in 51 fatalities. The Government indicates that the analysis of the subsequent accident investigations revealed the following causes: the operation of defective machinery, mechanisms and equipment, a lack of personal protective equipment, non-compliance with workplace safety rules, falls from heights in the construction sector and poor workplace monitoring in that sector. The Government also refers to violations detected related to the reporting of accidents, including failure to observe the procedure for notifying an accident within the established deadline, inconsistencies between the cause if accident reported and the actual cause, and the misclassification of occupational accidents as non-work related. The Committee further notes the information provided on the work of OSH inspectors as well as the amount of compensation paid to the victims of the accidents. The Committee requests the Government to provide further information on the measures taken to reduce the number of occupational accidents and diseases in the country, and in particular to strengthen its monitoring process to address the factors identified as causing accidents. The Committee also requests the Government to continue to provide available information on the application in practice of ratified OSH Conventions, including the number, nature and cause of reported occupational accidents and cases of occupational disease.

A. General provisions

Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155)

Articles 1 and 2 of the Convention. Scope of application. The Committee previously noted that the Labour Code adopted in 2016 repeals the 2009 Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Act, and includes many provisions of the latter. It noted that while the OSH Law of 2009 applied to all workers who are in an employment relationship with employers, students in vocational training and military personnel (section 3 of the repealed Law), the Labour Code of 2016 applies only to workers defined as individuals maintaining labour relations with employers on the basis of a signed employment contract. Recalling that no categories of workers were excluded from the scope of application of the Convention by the Government upon ratification (pursuant to Articles 1(2) and 2(2)), the Committee once again requests the Government to provide information on the measures taken or envisaged to ensure the application of the Convention to all workers.

Articles 4 and 8. Formulation, implementation and periodic review of a coherent national policy on OSH and the working environment. Consultation with the most representative organizations of employers and workers concerned. The Committee previously noted that section 328 of the Labour Code provides for cooperation of government agencies and local executive authorities with employers and workers and their associations and other authorized representatives of workers in the implementation of the national OSH policy. It also welcomed the development of a National OSH Profile in 2017 and it noted the Government’s indication that it intended to develop a national OSH programme with ILO assistance. Noting an absence of information in reply to its previous request, the Committee once again requests the Government to provide information on any developments concerning a national OSH programme, and to provide a copy thereof, once adopted. The Committee also once again requests the Government to provide detailed information on the consultations with the most representative organizations of employers and workers with regard to the measures taken to formulate, implement and review a national policy on OSH in accordance with Article 4 of the Convention (including where applicable, information on any institutionalized mechanisms for the consultation of the social partners in the process of legislative review in the area of OSH).

Article 5(e). Protection of workers from disciplinary measures for actions properly taken in conformity with the national OSH policy. The Committee previously noted that section 344 of the 2016 Labour Code provides for the protection of trade unions and other worker representatives with regard to their actions taken in relation to OSH. The Committee once again requests the Government to take the necessary measures to ensure that individual workers without particular OSH responsibilities are protected from disciplinary measures as a result of actions properly taken by them in conformity with the national OSH policy.

Article 11(b). Functions to be progressively carried out by the competent authorities. Determination of work processes and of substances and agents the exposure to which is to be prohibited, limited or made subject to authorization or control. The Committee notes the information in the Government’s report related to Government Decision No. 702 of 31 December 2010, approving the List of harmful substances, production factors and harmful working conditions, in response to its previous request concerning the determination by the competent authority of substances and agents to which exposure is to be controlled. It also notes the Government’s reference to the List of harmful substances and unfavourable production factors requiring preliminary and periodic medical examinations. The Committee takes note of this information.

Article 11(e). Annual publication of information on occupational accidents, occupational diseases and other injuries to health. The Committee notes the statistical information provided by the Government in its report concerning the number of occupational accidents, the number of persons injured and the amount of compensation paid in 2019. The Committee also notes the analysis of the main industrial activities in which the accidents happened and the causes of accidents. Taking note of this information, the Committee once again requests the Government to indicate the measures taken or envisaged to provide for the annual publication of information on measures taken in pursuance of the national OSH policy, and on occupational accidents, occupational diseases and other injuries to health.

Article 11(f). Systems to examine chemical, physical and biological agents in respect of the risk. The Committee previously noted that the Ministry of Industry and New Technology assesses compliance with laws and regulations on chemical and radiation safety and with laws and regulations concerning the implementation of health, safety and environment management systems at workplaces. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on whether it is intended to extend the system that examines chemical and physical agents to the examination of biological agents in respect of the risk to the health of workers.

Article 12. Obligations of persons who design, manufacture, import, provide or transfer machinery, equipment or substances for occupational use. Information on the correct installation and/or use of machinery, equipment and substances; information on hazards related to machinery, equipment and substances and instructions on how known hazards are to be avoided. Studies and research. The Committee previously noted section 352(6) of the Labour Code concerning requirements to obtain certificates of conformity with OSH standards concerning machinery, equipment and substances. The Committee once again requests the Government to specify whether section 352(6) of the Labour Code applies to persons who design, manufacture, import, provide or transfer machinery, equipment or substances for occupational use, and if so, to provide more specific information on the certification procedure (including the applicable standards and the responsible authority). Noting an absence of information in reply to its previous request, the Committee once again repeat its requests for the Government to provide information on the measures taken to ensure that the persons referred to in Article 12 provide relevant information and instructions on how hazards are avoided, and undertake studies and research or otherwise keep abreast of the scientific and technical knowledge necessary to comply with the obligations under Article 12(a) and (b) of the Convention.

Article 17. Obligation for employers to collaborate whenever two or more undertakings engage in activities simultaneously at one workplace. Noting an absence of information in this respect in the Government’s report, the Committee once again requests the Government to provide information on procedures prescribed for collaboration between two or more employers undertaking activities simultaneously at one workplace.

Article 18. Measures to deal with emergencies and accidents, including first-aid arrangements. The Committee previously noted that the Act on Industrial Safety at Hazardous Production Facilities (Act No. 2 of 12 February 2004) provides for requirements to ensure the safe operation of hazardous production facilities, aimed at preventing disasters and accidents at hazardous production facilities and ensuring that companies using hazardous production facilities are prepared to contain and address the effects of such disasters. It also noted section 340 of the Labour Code provides that employers are required to organize primary health-care services to attend to accidents or diseases at the workplace, and arrange for appropriate healthcare services. The Committee once again requests the Government to provide information on any measures taken or envisaged to require employers, besides hazardous production facilities, to provide measures to deal with emergencies.

Article 20. Cooperation at the level of the undertaking. The Committee previously noted that section 356 of the Labour Code foresees the possibility to establish labour protection (OSH) committees in undertakings, which are composed of an equal number of representatives of employers and trade unions (or other representative bodies authorized by workers). The Committee notes the Government’s reference in its report to the role of OSH committees as part of OSH management systems at the workplace. The Committee once again requests the Government to provide information on the implementation of section 356 of the Labour Code in practice.

B. Protection against specific risks

Guarding of Machinery Convention, 1963 (No. 119)

Articles 2, 4, 6, 7, 10 and 11 of the Convention. Sale, hire, transfer in any other manner and exhibition of machinery. Obligation concerning the guarding of machinery. Use by workers of machinery without guards. The Committee previously noted that section 352(6) of the Labour Code provides that machinery must meet the established protective requirements and require a certificate of compliance. Section 138 of the Labour Code requires employers to ensure the proper operation of machinery, equipment and other facilities. Further, it noted technical standard 12.2.062-81, which provides for preventive measures to protect workers from moving parts of machinery.

The Committee notes the Government’s statement that the State Inspection Service for Labour, Migration and Employment (SILME) controls compliance with technical standard 12.2.062-81. It further notes the information in the Government’s report under Convention No. 155 that operation of defective machinery was one of the main causes of industrial accidents with serious outcomes in 2019. The Committee once again requests the Government to specify whether section 352(6) of the Labour Code provides for obligations of persons who sell, hire or transfer machinery for occupational use, and if so, to provide more specific information on the certification procedure (including the applicable standards and the responsible authority). The Committee requests the Government to provide information on how it is ensured that employers comply with their obligations to ensure the safe conditions of machinery, devices and equipment, so as to protect the safety and health of workers. Lastly, the Committee requests the Government to provide up-to-date and detailed statistics on the accidents relating to the use of machinery, indicating the number, nature and cause of accidents.

Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration) Convention, 1977 (No. 148)

Article 4 of the Convention. Measures to be taken for the prevention and control of occupational hazards. Provisions for the practical implementation of these measures. The Committee previously noted that section 138 of the Labour Code provides that employers are required to provide for a safe and healthy working environment, including the elimination of hazards from noise, radiation, vibration and other factors negatively affecting human health. It requested more detailed information on the measures to be taken by employers for the prevention and control of, and protection against, occupational hazards in the working environment due in particular to air pollution, noise and vibration.

The Committee notes the reference of the Government, in response to its previous request, to the adoption of the following Order regulating noise and vibration hazards: (i) Standards on noise measurement in work spaces, domestic buildings, public buildings and on the premises of housing developments (Order of the Minister of Health and Social Protection, No. 453 of 13 June 2017); and (ii) Sanitary regulations: hygiene requirements for work spaces and working environments where sources of vibration are present (Order of the Minister for Health and Social Protection, No. 453 of 13 June 2017). The Committee requests the Government to provide information on any regulations or technical standards adopted on the measures to be taken by employers for the prevention and control of, and protection against, occupational hazards in the working environment due to air pollution. It also requests the Government to provide a copy of the abovementioned Order, with its next report.

Article 6(2). Collaboration between two or more employers. The Committee refers to its comment under Article 17 of Convention No. 155 above.

Article 8. Criteria and exposure limits, revision of criteria at regular intervals and recourse to technical expertise in relation thereto. The Committee once again requests the Government to provide information on the following: (a) the criteria established for determining the hazards of exposure covered by the Convention and the exposure limits specified for these hazards; (b) the procedure by which the established criteria and limits are supplemented and revised in light of current national and international knowledge and data; and (c) which representative organizations have designated technically competent persons for the purpose of this Article.

Article 12. Use of processes, substances, machinery and equipment to be notified to the competent authority and any prohibitions thereon prescribed by the competent authority. The Committee requests the Government to indicate whether the use of any processes, substances, machinery and equipment, as specified by the competent authority, involving exposure of workers to occupational hazards in the working environment due to air pollution, noise or vibration, shall be notified to the competent authority, and whether the competent authority, as appropriate, may authorize their use on prescribed conditions, or prohibit it.

Article 13. Information and instructions on occupational hazards in the working environment. The Committee previously noted that section 19 of the Labour Code provides that employers are obliged to inform workers about hazardous working conditions, and that section 352 provides that employers are required to publish instructions on how to prevent risks as detected from workplace assessments.

The Committee notes the Government’s indication, in response to its previous request, that the workplace assessment covers a measurement of occupational hazards in the working environment and the measures to be taken to address them, in accordance with the Regulations on the Certification of Workspace Conditions (Government Decision No. 429 of 3 July 2014).

Article 15. Competent person or use of a competent service to deal with matters pertaining to the prevention and control of air pollution, noise and vibration. Noting that the Government has not provided a reply in this regard to the Committee’s previous request, the Committee once again requests the Government to provide information on the requirements for employers to appoint a competent person, or use a competent outside service or service common to several undertakings to deal with relevant risks.

C. Protection in specific branches of activity

Underground Work (Women) Convention, 1935 (No. 45)

The Committee recalls that the ILO Governing Body (at its 334th Session, October–November 2018), on the recommendation of the Standards Review Mechanism (SRM) Tripartite Working Group, classified Convention No. 45 as an outdated instrument, and has placed an item on the agenda of the 113th Session of the International Labour Conference (2024) concerning its abrogation. The Governing Body also requested the Office to follow-up with member States currently bound by Convention No. 45 to encourage the ratification of up-to-date instruments concerning OSH, including but not limited to the Safety and Health in Mines Convention, 1995 (No. 176), and to undertake a campaign to promote the ratification of Convention No. 176. The Committee therefore encourages the Government to follow up the Governing Body’s decision at its 334th Session (October–November 2018) approving the recommendations of the SRM Tripartite Working Group and to consider ratifying the most up-to-date instruments in this subject area.

Hygiene (Commerce and Offices) Convention, 1964 (No. 120)

Article 7 of the Convention. Maintenance and cleanliness of premises and equipment. The Committee previously requested the Government to indicate whether there are any legal requirements for employers concerning the maintenance and cleanliness of premises and equipment, in accordance with Article 7. In this respect, the Committee notes that, pursuant to sections 19 and 331 of the Labour Code, the employer is responsible for ensuring compliance with occupational safety and health requirements, including sanitary and hygiene requirements. It further notes that section 348 of the Labour Code provides that the employer is responsible for ensuring the appropriate working environment for occupational safety in each workplace, and for the safety of equipment. The Committee notes this information.

Articles 11 and 14. Arrangement of workplaces and layout of workstations. Sufficient and suitable seats. The Committee once again requests the Government to indicate whether there are any legal requirements for employers concerning the arrangement of workplaces and the layout of workstations (Article 11), as well as with regard to sufficient and suitable seats (Article 14).

The Committee notes that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that the next report will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous comments.

Repetition

In order to provide a comprehensive view of the issues relating to the application of ratified Conventions on occupational safety and health (OSH), the Committee considers it appropriate to examine Conventions Nos 119 (guarding of machinery), 120 (hygiene-commerce and offices) and 148 (working environment (air pollution, noise, and vibration)) and 155 (OSH) together.

A. General provisions

Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155)

Articles 1 and 2 of the Convention. Scope of application. The Committee notes that the new Labour Code adopted in 2016 repeals the 2009 Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Act, and includes many provisions of the latter. The Committee notes that while the OSH Law of 2009 applied to all workers who are in an employment relationship with employers, students in vocational training and military personnel (section 3 of the repealed Law), the Labour Code of 2016 applies only to workers defined as individuals maintaining labour relations with employers on the basis of a signed employment contract. Recalling that no categories of workers were excluded from the scope of application of the Convention (in accordance with Articles 1(2) and 2(2)), the Committee requests the Government to provide information on the measures taken or envisaged to ensure the application of the Convention to all workers.

Articles 4 and 8. Formulation, implementation and periodic review of a coherent national policy on OSH and the working environment. Consultation with the representative organizations of employers and workers concerned. The Committee notes that contrary to the repealed OSH Act, the 2016 Labour Code does not specifically enumerate the basic principles to be covered by the national policy on OSH. However, the Committee notes that the Labour Code makes reference to such a policy, provides for the development and the enforcement of legislative and regulatory safety requirements, and refers to promotional actions on occupational safety (sections 327, 329 and 331). The Committee welcomes the development, with ILO assistance, of a National OSH Profile, which was presented at a round table in 2017, and it notes that the Government intends to develop a national OSH programme with ILO assistance. The Committee notes that section 328 of the Labour Code provides for cooperation of government agencies and local executive authorities with employers and workers and their associations and other authorized representatives of workers in the implementation of the national OSH policy. However, the Committee notes that the Government has not provided the requested information on the consultation of the social partners in relation to the national policy on OSH. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on any developments concerning a national programme, and provide a copy thereof, once adopted. The Committee requests the Government to provide detailed information on the consultation with the most representative organizations of employers and workers with regard to the measures taken to formulate, implement and review a national policy on OSH (including where applicable, information on any institutionalized mechanisms for the consultation of the social partners in the process of legislative review in the area of OSH (including in the recent review of the Labour Code)).

Article 5(b). Adaptation of working conditions to workers. Following its previous comment, the Committee notes that section 348 of the Labour Code requires employers to take preventive measures to ensure safe conditions of facilities, equipment and technological processes, and provide for a system of rest periods for workers. The Committee also notes the requirements of employers to undertake workplace appraisals, as provided for in section 348 of the Labour Code and by Government Decision No. 429 of 2014. The Committee takes note of this information.

Article 5(e). Protection of workers and their representatives from disciplinary measures for actions properly taken in conformity with the policy. The Committee notes that the Government has not provided a response to its request on how effect is given to this Article of the Convention. However, the Committee notes that section 344 of the 2016 Labour Code provides for the protection of trade unions and other worker representatives with regard to their actions taken in relation to OSH. The Committee requests the Government to take the necessary measures to ensure that individual workers without particular OSH responsibilities are protected from disciplinary measures as a result of actions properly taken by them in conformity with the policy.

Article 10. Guidance to employers and workers to help them comply with their legal obligations. The Committee notes the Government’s indication, in reply to its previous request, that the labour inspection services provide guidance to employers and workers on measures to achieve a safe and healthy work environment, including on the violations detected during inspections, the legal provisions concerned and methods to achieve compliance. The Committee also notes the Government’s reference to awareness-raising measures on labour legislation through mass media and modern information technology. The Committee takes note of this information.

Article 11(b). Functions to be progressively carried out by the competent authorities. Determination of work processes and of substance and agents, the exposure to which is to be controlled by the competent authority or authorities; health hazards due to the simultaneous exposure to several substances or agents. The Committee notes that similar to section 23 of the (now repealed) OSH Act, section 352 of the Labour Code prohibits the exposure of workers to hazardous substances, materials, products and goods, as well as the introduction of technologies at workplaces without prior examination and approval by the competent state bodies. Noting an absence of information in reply to its previous request, the Committee once again requests the Government to provide information about the protection of workers from health hazards due to the simultaneous exposure to several substances or agents.

Article 11(e). Annual publication of information on occupational accidents, occupational diseases and other injuries to health. The Committee notes the statistical information provided by the Government in its report concerning the number of occupational accidents, the number of persons charged with violations under the relevant legislation, the amount of compensation paid, as well as observed trends in the number of accidents between 2015 and the first quarter of 2016. The Committee also notes the analysis of the main industrial activities in which accidents happened and the causes of accidents. Taking note of this information, the Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures taken or envisaged to provide for the annual publication of information on measures taken in pursuance of the national OSH policy, and on occupational accidents, occupational diseases and other injuries to health.

Article 11(f). Systems to examine chemical, physical and biological agents in respect of the risk. The Committee notes that the Ministry of Industry and New Technology assesses compliance with laws and regulations on chemical and radiation safety and with laws and regulations concerning the implementation of health, safety and environment management systems at workplaces. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on whether it is intended to extend the system to examine chemical and physical agents to the examination of biological agents in respect of the risk to the health of workers.

Article 12. Obligations of persons who design, manufacture, import, provide or transfer machinery, equipment or substances for occupational use. Information on the correct installation and/or use of machinery, equipment and substances; information on hazards related to machinery, equipment and substances and instructions on how known hazards are to be avoided. Studies and research. The Committee notes the requirement in section 352(6) of the Labour Code to obtain certificates of conformity with OSH standards concerning machinery, equipment and substances. The Committee requests the Government to specify whether section 352(6) of the Labour Code applies to persons who design, manufacture, import, provide or transfer machinery, equipment or substances for occupational use, and if so, to provide more specific information on the certification procedure (including the applicable standards and the responsible authority). Noting an absence of information in reply to its previous request, the Committee once again requests the Government to provide information on the measures taken to ensure that the persons referred to in Article 12 provide relevant information and instructions on how hazards are avoided, and undertake studies and research or otherwise keep abreast of the scientific and technical knowledge necessary to comply with the obligations under Article 12(a) and (b).

Articles 13 and 19(f). Protection of workers who removed themselves from situations that they believe to present imminent and serious danger. The Committee notes that pursuant to section 335(4) of the Labour Code, workers may stop working, where they are not provided with the personal protective equipment to protect them from a danger to their life or health, and are entitled to continue to be paid wages. Moreover, pursuant to section 337 of the Labour Code, workers have the right to remove themselves if they believe that they are exposed to a danger threatening their life or health, on the condition that they cannot eliminate the danger through any means at their disposal.

Article 17. Obligation for employers to collaborate whenever two or more undertakings engage in activities simultaneously at one workplace. The Committee notes that the 2016 Labour Code does not regulate the collaboration of two or more employers at one workplace. The Committee therefore once again requests the Government to provide information on procedures prescribed for collaboration between two or more employers undertaking activities simultaneously at one workplace.

Article 18. Measures to deal with emergencies and accidents, including first-aid arrangements. The Committee notes the Government’s indication, in reply to its previous request, that the Act on Industrial Safety at Hazardous Production Facilities (Act No. 2 of 12 February 2004) provides for requirements to ensure the safe operation of hazardous production facilities, aimed at preventing disasters and accidents at hazardous production facilities and ensuring that companies using hazardous production facilities are prepared to contain and address the effects of such disasters. Moreover, the Committee notes that section 340 of the Labour Code provides that employers are required to organize primary health-care services to attend to accidents or diseases at the workplace, and arrange for appropriate healthcare services. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on any measures taken or envisaged to require employers, besides hazardous production facilities, to provide measures to deal with emergencies.

Article 19(e). Inquiries by the workers or their representatives and involvement of technical advisers. The Committee previously requested the Government to indicate if workers or their representatives are entitled to inquire into all aspects of OSH associated with their work, as envisaged by the Convention, and if, to this end, technical advisers can be brought in from outside the undertaking by mutual agreement. In this respect, the Committee notes that section 345 of the Labour Code provides that workers have the right to apply to authorized public entities on labour and social protection or their local offices to inspect labour conditions and protection on workplace; and to participate personally or through their representative in inspection and investigation of the issues related to improvement of labour conditions and protection. The Committee also notes that pursuant to section 357 of the Labour Code, trade union inspectors may participate as independent experts in commissions concerning production facilities and tools. The Committee takes note of this information.

Article 20. Cooperation at the level of the undertaking. The Committee notes that section 356 of the Labour Code, just as the repealed OSH Act, foresees the possibility to establish labour protection (OSH) committees in undertakings, which are composed of an equal number of representatives of employers and trade unions (or other representative bodies authorized by workers). The Committee requests the Government to provide more detailed information on the implementation of section 356 of the Labour Code in practice.

B. Protection against specific risks

Guarding of Machinery Convention, 1963 (No. 119)

Articles 2, 4, 6, 7, 10 and 11. Sale, hire, transfer in any other manner and exhibition of machinery. Obligation concerning the guarding of machinery. Use by workers of machinery without guards. The Committee notes that section 352(6) of the Labour Code provides that machinery must meet the established protective requirements and require a certificate of compliance. Moreover, the Committee notes that section 138 of the Labour Code requires employers to ensure the proper operation of machinery, equipment and other facilities. The Committee also notes the Government’s reference to technical standard 12.2.062-81, which provides for preventive measures to protect workers from moving parts of machinery. In this context, the Committee notes that according to the information provided by the Government in its report under Convention No. 155, 28 per cent of all occupational accidents in 2015 were a result of the use of defective machinery, devices or equipment or the failure by workers to use individual safety gear. Referring to its request made under Article 12 of Convention No. 155, the Committee requests the Government to specify whether section 352(6) of the Labour Code provides for obligations of persons who sell, hire or transfer machinery for occupational use, and if so, to provide more specific information on the certification procedure (including the applicable standards and the responsible authority). The Committee requests the Government to provide information on how it is ensured that employers comply with their obligations to ensure the safe conditions of machinery, devices and equipment, so as to protect the safety and health of workers. Moreover, taking into account the statistics provided, the Committee requests the Government to provide up-to-date and detailed statistics on the accidents relating to the use of machinery, indicating the number, nature and cause of accidents.

Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration) Convention, 1977 (No. 148)

Article 4 of the Convention. Measures to be taken for the prevention and control of occupational hazards. Provisions for the practical implementation of these measures. The Committee notes that section 138 of the Labour Code provides that employers are required to provide for a safe and healthy working environment, including the elimination of hazards from noise, radiation, vibration and other factors negatively affecting human health. Moreover, section 348 provides that employers have to conduct workplace appraisals at least every five years and publish instructions on how to prevent relevant risks. The Committee also notes the Government’s reference to the “Rules on conducting workplace appraisals of working conditions” approved by Decision No. 429 of 3 July 2014. The Committee requests the Government to provide more detailed information on the measures to be taken by employers for the prevention and control of, and protection against, occupational hazards in the working environment due in particular to air pollution, noise and vibration.

Article 6(2). Collaboration between two or more employers. The Committee refers to its comment under Article 17 of Convention No. 155 above.

Article 8. Criteria and exposure limits, revision of criteria at regular intervals and recourse to technical expertise in relation thereto. The Committee notes an absence of information in response to the Committee’s previous request. The Committee therefore once again requests the Government to provide information on the following: (a) the criteria established for determining the hazards of exposure covered by the Convention and the exposure limits specified for these hazards; (b) the procedure by which the established criteria and limits are supplemented and revised in light of current national and international knowledge and data; and (c) which representative organizations have designated technically competent persons for the purpose of this Article.

Article 9. Prevention of air pollution, noise and vibration through design or installation of new plants or processes or existing plants or processes. The Committee notes that section 352 of the Labour Code, just as section 23 of the repealed OSH Act, provides that technological processes must meet the requirements of OSH regulations during the construction and reconstruction of production facilities, machinery, tools and other production equipment. The Committee further notes that section 138 of the Labour Code requires employers to provide for safe and suitable labour conditions, including the elimination of the consequences of hazardous noise, radiation, vibration and other factors negatively affecting human health. The Committee takes note of this information.

Article 12. Use of processes, substances, machinery and equipment to be notified to the competent authority and any prohibitions thereon prescribed by the competent authority. The Committee refers to its comment under Article 11(b) of Convention No. 155 above, on the requirement of certification by the competent state bodies concerning the exposure of workers to potentially hazardous substances, materials, products and technologies. The Committee requests the Government to specify whether the obligation to obtain certification involves a requirement to notify all working means involving exposure of workers to occupational hazards in the working environment due to air pollution, noise or vibration.

Article 13. Information and instructions on occupational hazards in the working environment. The Committee notes that section 19 of the Labour Code provides that employers are obliged to inform workers about hazardous working conditions, and that section 352 provides that employers are required to publish instructions on how to prevent risks as detected from workplace assessments. The Committee requests the Government to specify whether such risk assessments cover occupational hazards due to air pollution, noise and vibration.

Article 15. Competent person or use of a competent service to deal with matters pertaining to the prevention and control of air pollution, noise and vibration. Noting that the Government has not provided a reply in this regard, the Committee once again requests the Government to provide information on the requirements for employers to appoint a competent person, or use a competent outside service or service common to several undertakings to deal with relevant risks.

C. Protection in specific branches of activity

Hygiene (Commerce and Offices) Convention, 1964 (No. 120)

Articles 7, 11 and 14 of the Convention. Maintenance and cleanliness of premises and equipment. Arrangement of workplaces and layout of workstations. Sufficient and suitable seats. The Committee requests the Government to indicate whether there are any legal requirements for employers concerning the maintenance and cleanliness of premises and equipment (Article 7), the arrangement of workplaces and the layout of workstations (Article 11), as well as with regard to sufficient and suitable seats (Article 14).

In order to provide a comprehensive view of the issues relating to the application of ratified Conventions on occupational safety and health (OSH), the Committee considers it appropriate to examine Conventions Nos 119 (guarding of machinery), 120 (hygiene-commerce and offices) and 148 (working environment (air pollution, noise, and vibration)) and 155 (OSH) together.

Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155)

Articles 1 and 2 of the Convention. Scope of application. The Committee notes that the new Labour Code adopted in 2016 repeals the 2009 Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Act, and includes many provisions of the latter. The Committee notes that while the OSH Law of 2009 applied to all workers who are in an employment relationship with employers, students in vocational training and military personnel (section 3 of the repealed Law), the Labour Code of 2016 applies only to workers defined as individuals maintaining labour relations with employers on the basis of a signed employment contract. Recalling that no categories of workers were excluded from the scope of application of the Convention (in accordance with Articles 1(2) and 2(2)), the Committee requests the Government to provide information on the measures taken or envisaged to ensure the application of the Convention to all workers.

Articles 4 and 8. Formulation, implementation and periodic review of a coherent national policy on OSH and the working environment. Consultation with the representative organizations of employers and workers concerned. The Committee notes that contrary to the repealed OSH Act, the 2016 Labour Code does not specifically enumerate the basic principles to be covered by the national policy on OSH. However, the Committee notes that the Labour Code makes reference to such a policy, provides for the development and the enforcement of legislative and regulatory safety requirements, and refers to promotional actions on occupational safety (sections 327, 329 and 331). The Committee welcomes the development, with ILO assistance, of a National OSH Profile, which was presented at a round table in 2017, and it notes that the Government intends to develop a national OSH programme with ILO assistance. The Committee notes that section 328 of the Labour Code provides for cooperation of government agencies and local executive authorities with employers and workers and their associations and other authorized representatives of workers in the implementation of the national OSH policy. However, the Committee notes that the Government has not provided the requested information on the consultation of the social partners in relation to the national policy on OSH. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on any developments concerning a national programme, and provide a copy thereof, once adopted. The Committee requests the Government to provide detailed information on the consultation with the most representative organizations of employers and workers with regard to the measures taken to formulate, implement and review a national policy on OSH (including where applicable, information on any institutionalized mechanisms for the consultation of the social partners in the process of legislative review in the area of OSH (including in the recent review of the Labour Code)).

Article 5(b). Adaptation of working conditions to workers. Following its previous comment, the Committee notes that section 348 of the Labour Code requires employers to take preventive measures to ensure safe conditions of facilities, equipment and technological processes, and provide for a system of rest periods for workers. The Committee also notes the requirements of employers to undertake workplace appraisals, as provided for in section 348 of the Labour Code and by Government Decision No. 429 of 2014. The Committee takes note of this information.

Article 5(e). Protection of workers and their representatives from disciplinary measures for actions properly taken in conformity with the policy. The Committee notes that the Government has not provided a response to its request on how effect is given to this Article of the Convention. However, the Committee notes that section 344 of the 2016 Labour Code provides for the protection of trade unions and other worker representatives with regard to their actions taken in relation to OSH. The Committee requests the Government to take the necessary measures to ensure that individual workers without particular OSH responsibilities are protected from disciplinary measures as a result of actions properly taken by them in conformity with the policy.

Article 10. Guidance to employers and workers to help them comply with their legal obligations. The Committee notes the Government’s indication, in reply to its previous request, that the labour inspection services provide guidance to employers and workers on measures to achieve a safe and healthy work environment, including on the violations detected during inspections, the legal provisions concerned and methods to achieve compliance. The Committee also notes the Government’s reference to awareness-raising measures on labour legislation through mass media and modern information technology. The Committee takes note of this information.

Article 11(b). Functions to be progressively carried out by the competent authorities. Determination of work processes and of substance and agents, the exposure to which is to be controlled by the competent authority or authorities; health hazards due to the simultaneous exposure to several substances or agents. The Committee notes that similar to section 23 of the (now repealed) OSH Act, section 352 of the Labour Code prohibits the exposure of workers to hazardous substances, materials, products and goods, as well as the introduction of technologies at workplaces without prior examination and approval by the competent state bodies. Noting an absence of information in reply to its previous request, the Committee once again requests the Government to provide information about the protection of workers from health hazards due to the simultaneous exposure to several substances or agents.

Article 11(e). Annual publication of information on occupational accidents, occupational diseases and other injuries to health. The Committee notes the statistical information provided by the Government in its report concerning the number of occupational accidents, the number of persons charged with violations under the relevant legislation, the amount of compensation paid, as well as observed trends in the number of accidents between 2015 and the first quarter of 2016. The Committee also notes the analysis of the main industrial activities in which accidents happened and the causes of accidents. Taking note of this information, the Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures taken or envisaged to provide for the annual publication of information on measures taken in pursuance of the national OSH policy, and on occupational accidents, occupational diseases and other injuries to health.

Article 11(f). Systems to examine chemical, physical and biological agents in respect of the risk. The Committee notes that the Ministry of Industry and New Technology assesses compliance with laws and regulations on chemical and radiation safety and with laws and regulations concerning the implementation of health, safety and environment management systems at workplaces. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on whether it is intended to extend the system to examine chemical and physical agents to the examination of biological agents in respect of the risk to the health of workers.

Article 12. Obligations of persons who design, manufacture, import, provide or transfer machinery, equipment or substances for occupational use. Information on the correct installation and/or use of machinery, equipment and substances; information on hazards related to machinery, equipment and substances and instructions on how known hazards are to be avoided. Studies and research. The Committee notes the requirement in section 352(6) of the Labour Code to obtain certificates of conformity with OSH standards concerning machinery, equipment and substances. The Committee requests the Government to specify whether section 352(6) of the Labour Code applies to persons who design, manufacture, import, provide or transfer machinery, equipment or substances for occupational use, and if so, to provide more specific information on the certification procedure (including the applicable standards and the responsible authority). Noting an absence of information in reply to its previous request, the Committee once again requests the Government to provide information on the measures taken to ensure that the persons referred to in Article 12 provide relevant information and instructions on how hazards are avoided, and undertake studies and research or otherwise keep abreast of the scientific and technical knowledge necessary to comply with the obligations under Article 12(a) and (b).

Articles 13 and 19(f). Protection of workers who removed themselves from situations that they believe to present imminent and serious danger. The Committee notes that pursuant to section 335(4) of the Labour Code, workers may stop working, where they are not provided with the personal protective equipment to protect them from a danger to their life or health, and are entitled to continue to be paid wages. Moreover, pursuant to section 337 of the Labour Code, workers have the right to remove themselves if they believe that they are exposed to a danger threatening their life or health, on the condition that they cannot eliminate the danger through any means at their disposal.

Article 17. Obligation for employers to collaborate whenever two or more undertakings engage in activities simultaneously at one workplace. The Committee notes that the 2016 Labour Code does not regulate the collaboration of two or more employers at one workplace. The Committee therefore once again requests the Government to provide information on procedures prescribed for collaboration between two or more employers undertaking activities simultaneously at one workplace.

Article 18. Measures to deal with emergencies and accidents, including first-aid arrangements. The Committee notes the Government’s indication, in reply to its previous request, that the Act on Industrial Safety at Hazardous Production Facilities (Act No. 2 of 12 February 2004) provides for requirements to ensure the safe operation of hazardous production facilities, aimed at preventing disasters and accidents at hazardous production facilities and ensuring that companies using hazardous production facilities are prepared to contain and address the effects of such disasters. Moreover, the Committee notes that section 340 of the Labour Code provides that employers are required to organize primary health-care services to attend to accidents or diseases at the workplace, and arrange for appropriate healthcare services. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on any measures taken or envisaged to require employers, besides hazardous production facilities, to provide measures to deal with emergencies.

Article 19(e). Inquiries by the workers or their representatives and involvement of technical advisers. The Committee previously requested the Government to indicate if workers or their representatives are entitled to inquire into all aspects of OSH associated with their work, as envisaged by the Convention, and if, to this end, technical advisers can be brought in from outside the undertaking by mutual agreement. In this respect, the Committee notes that section 345 of the Labour Code provides that workers have the right to apply to authorized public entities on labour and social protection or their local offices to inspect labour conditions and protection on workplace; and to participate personally or through their representative in inspection and investigation of the issues related to improvement of labour conditions and protection. The Committee also notes that pursuant to section 357 of the Labour Code, trade union inspectors may participate as independent experts in commissions concerning production facilities and tools. The Committee takes note of this information.

Article 20. Cooperation at the level of the undertaking. The Committee notes that section 356 of the Labour Code, just as the repealed OSH Act, foresees the possibility to establish labour protection (OSH) committees in undertakings, which are composed of an equal number of representatives of employers and trade unions (or other representative bodies authorized by workers). The Committee requests the Government to provide more detailed information on the implementation of section 356 of the Labour Code in practice.

Guarding of Machinery Convention, 1963 (No. 119)

Articles 2, 4, 6, 7, 10 and 11. Sale, hire, transfer in any other manner and exhibition of machinery. Obligation concerning the guarding of machinery. Use by workers of machinery without guards. The Committee notes that section 352(6) of the Labour Code provides that machinery must meet the established protective requirements and require a certificate of compliance. Moreover, the Committee notes that section 138 of the Labour Code requires employers to ensure the proper operation of machinery, equipment and other facilities. The Committee also notes the Government’s reference to technical standard 12.2.062-81, which provides for preventive measures to protect workers from moving parts of machinery. In this context, the Committee notes that according to the information provided by the Government in its report under Convention No. 155, 28 per cent of all occupational accidents in 2015 were a result of the use of defective machinery, devices or equipment or the failure by workers to use individual safety gear. Referring to its request made under Article 12 of Convention No. 155, the Committee requests the Government to specify whether section 352(6) of the Labour Code provides for obligations of persons who sell, hire or transfer machinery for occupational use, and if so, to provide more specific information on the certification procedure (including the applicable standards and the responsible authority). The Committee requests the Government to provide information on how it is ensured that employers comply with their obligations to ensure the safe conditions of machinery, devices and equipment, so as to protect the safety and health of workers. Moreover, taking into account the statistics provided, the Committee requests the Government to provide up-to-date and detailed statistics on the accidents relating to the use of machinery, indicating the number, nature and cause of accidents.

Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration) Convention, 1977 (No. 148)

Article 4 of the Convention. Measures to be taken for the prevention and control of occupational hazards. Provisions for the practical implementation of these measures. The Committee notes that section 138 of the Labour Code provides that employers are required to provide for a safe and healthy working environment, including the elimination of hazards from noise, radiation, vibration and other factors negatively affecting human health. Moreover, section 348 provides that employers have to conduct workplace appraisals at least every five years and publish instructions on how to prevent relevant risks. The Committee also notes the Government’s reference to the “Rules on conducting workplace appraisals of working conditions” approved by Decision No. 429 of 3 July 2014. The Committee requests the Government to provide more detailed information on the measures to be taken by employers for the prevention and control of, and protection against, occupational hazards in the working environment due in particular to air pollution, noise and vibration.

Article 6(2). Collaboration between two or more employers. The Committee refers to its comment under Article 17 of Convention No. 155 above.

Article 8. Criteria and exposure limits, revision of criteria at regular intervals and recourse to technical expertise in relation thereto. The Committee notes an absence of information in response to the Committee’s previous request. The Committee therefore once again requests the Government to provide information on the following: (a) the criteria established for determining the hazards of exposure covered by the Convention and the exposure limits specified for these hazards; (b) the procedure by which the established criteria and limits are supplemented and revised in light of current national and international knowledge and data; and (c) which representative organizations have designated technically competent persons for the purpose of this Article.

Article 9. Prevention of air pollution, noise and vibration through design or installation of new plants or processes or existing plants or processes. The Committee notes that section 352 of the Labour Code, just as section 23 of the repealed OSH Act, provides that technological processes must meet the requirements of OSH regulations during the construction and reconstruction of production facilities, machinery, tools and other production equipment. The Committee further notes that section 138 of the Labour Code requires employers to provide for safe and suitable labour conditions, including the elimination of the consequences of hazardous noise, radiation, vibration and other factors negatively affecting human health. The Committee takes note of this information.

Article 12. Use of processes, substances, machinery and equipment to be notified to the competent authority and any prohibitions thereon prescribed by the competent authority. The Committee refers to its comment under Article 11(b) of Convention No. 155 above, on the requirement of certification by the competent state bodies concerning the exposure of workers to potentially hazardous substances, materials, products and technologies. The Committee requests the Government to specify whether the obligation to obtain certification involves a requirement to notify all working means involving exposure of workers to occupational hazards in the working environment due to air pollution, noise or vibration.

Article 13. Information and instructions on occupational hazards in the working environment. The Committee notes that section 19 of the Labour Code provides that employers are obliged to inform workers about hazardous working conditions, and that section 352 provides that employers are required to publish instructions on how to prevent risks as detected from workplace assessments. The Committee requests the Government to specify whether such risk assessments cover occupational hazards due to air pollution, noise and vibration.

Article 15. Competent person or use of a competent service to deal with matters pertaining to the prevention and control of air pollution, noise and vibration. Noting that the Government has not provided a reply in this regard, the Committee once again requests the Government to provide information on the requirements for employers to appoint a competent person, or use a competent outside service or service common to several undertakings to deal with relevant risks.

Hygiene (Commerce and Offices) Convention, 1964 (No. 120)

Articles 7, 11 and 14 of the Convention. Maintenance and cleanliness of premises and equipment. Arrangement of workplaces and layout of workstations. Sufficient and suitable seats. The Committee requests the Government to indicate whether there are any legal requirements for employers concerning the maintenance and cleanliness of premises and equipment (Article 7), the arrangement of workplaces and the layout of workstations (Article 11), as well as with regard to sufficient and suitable seats (Article 14).

The Committee notes with deep concern that the Government’s report has not been received. It expects that the next report will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous comments.

Repetition

The Committee notes the information provided by the Government that the Tajikistan Ministry for Labour and Social protection has drawn up a draft ordinance on “Regulatory instruments containing State regulatory requirements on safety and health”. According thereto, relevant ministries and departments will develop sectoral regulations and national standards on organizing and ensuring safe conditions of work in any kind of activity, including planning; construction and operation of facilities; construction of machinery, mechanisms and other equipment; development of technical processes; and organization of production and work. Against this background the Committee requests the Government to provide further detailed information on the effect given to this Convention in current law and practice; to keep the Office informed of any further developments relevant for the application of this Convention; and to transmit copies of any new legislation once it has been adopted.

The Committee notes with regret that the Government’s report has not been received. It expresses concern in this respect. It hopes that the next report will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous comments.

Repetition
The Committee notes the information provided by the Government that in order to ensure the necessary conditions of work, to increase safety levels in each workplace, and to protect workers’ life and health in the course of their work, the Tajikistan Ministry for Labour and Social protection has drawn up a draft ordinance on “Regulatory instruments containing State regulatory requirements on safety and health”. According thereto, relevant ministries and departments will develop sectoral regulations and national standards on organizing and ensuring safe conditions of work in any kind of activity, including planning; construction and operation of facilities; construction of machinery, mechanisms and other equipment; development of technical processes; and organization of production and work. This regulatory instrument will strengthen the legal framework in the field of occupational safety and health, improve the situation in that regard, and will emphasize the employers’ duty to fulfil their obligations, in particular ensuring appropriate safe conditions of work and occupational safety and health in every workplace. With reference to the National Profile on Occupational Safety and Health in the Republic of Tajikistan, published by the ILO Subregional Office in Moscow in 2008, the Committee notes that, in addition to the abovementioned draft laws and regulations, the legislation cited therein, including the Labour Code (12 May 1997) and the Law on Occupational Safety (24 December 1991) would appear to contain provisions relevant to the application of this Convention. Against this background the Committee requests the Government to provide further detailed information on the effect given to this Convention in current law and practice; to keep the Office informed of any further developments relevant for the application of this Convention; and to transmit copies of any new legislation once it has been adopted.

The Committee notes with regret that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous comments.

Repetition
The Committee notes the information provided by the Government that in order to ensure the necessary conditions of work, to increase safety levels in each workplace, and to protect workers’ life and health in the course of their work, the Tajikistan Ministry for Labour and Social protection has drawn up a draft ordinance on “Regulatory instruments containing State regulatory requirements on safety and health”. According thereto, relevant ministries and departments will develop sectoral regulations and national standards on organizing and ensuring safe conditions of work in any kind of activity, including planning; construction and operation of facilities; construction of machinery, mechanisms and other equipment; development of technical processes; and organization of production and work. This regulatory instrument will strengthen the legal framework in the field of occupational safety and health, improve the situation in that regard, and will emphasize the employers’ duty to fulfil their obligations, in particular ensuring appropriate safe conditions of work and occupational safety and health in every workplace. With reference to the National Profile on Occupational Safety and Health in the Republic of Tajikistan, published by the ILO Subregional Office in Moscow in 2008, the Committee notes that, in addition to the abovementioned draft laws and regulations, the legislation cited therein, including the Labour Code (12 May 1997) and the Law on Occupational Safety (24 December 1991) would appear to contain provisions relevant to the application of this Convention. Against this background the Committee requests the Government to provide further detailed information on the effect given to this Convention in current law and practice; to keep the Office informed of any further developments relevant for the application of this Convention; and to transmit copies of any new legislation once it has been adopted.

The Committee notes with regret that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

Repetition
The Committee notes the information provided by the Government that in order to ensure the necessary conditions of work, to increase safety levels in each workplace, and to protect workers’ life and health in the course of their work, the Tajikistan Ministry for Labour and Social protection has drawn up a draft ordinance on “Regulatory instruments containing State regulatory requirements on safety and health”. According thereto, relevant ministries and departments will develop sectoral regulations and national standards on organizing and ensuring safe conditions of work in any kind of activity, including planning; construction and operation of facilities; construction of machinery, mechanisms and other equipment; development of technical processes; and organization of production and work. This regulatory instrument will strengthen the legal framework in the field of occupational safety and health, improve the situation in that regard, and will emphasize the employers’ duty to fulfil their obligations, in particular ensuring appropriate safe conditions of work and occupational safety and health in every workplace. With reference to the National Profile on Occupational Safety and Health in the Republic of Tajikistan, published by the ILO Subregional Office in Moscow in 2008, the Committee notes that, in addition to the abovementioned draft laws and regulations, the legislation cited therein, including the Labour Code (12 May 1997) and the Law on Occupational Safety (24 December 1991) would appear to contain provisions relevant to the application of this Convention. Against this background the Committee requests the Government to provide further detailed information on the effect given to this Convention in current law and practice; to keep the Office informed of any further developments relevant for the application of this Convention; and to transmit copies of any new legislation once it has been adopted.

The Committee notes that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

Repetition
The Committee notes the information provided by the Government that in order to ensure the necessary conditions of work, to increase safety levels in each workplace, and to protect workers’ life and health in the course of their work, the Tajikistan Ministry for Labour and Social protection has drawn up a draft ordinance on “Regulatory instruments containing State regulatory requirements on safety and health”. According thereto, relevant ministries and departments will develop sectoral regulations and national standards on organizing and ensuring safe conditions of work in any kind of activity, including planning; construction and operation of facilities; construction of machinery, mechanisms and other equipment; development of technical processes; and organization of production and work. This regulatory instrument will strengthen the legal framework in the field of occupational safety and health, improve the situation in that regard, and will emphasize the employers’ duty to fulfil their obligations, in particular ensuring appropriate safe conditions of work and occupational safety and health in every workplace. With reference to the National Profile on Occupational Safety and Health in the Republic of Tajikistan, published by the ILO Subregional Office in Moscow in 2008, the Committee notes that, in addition to the abovementioned draft laws and regulations, the legislation cited therein, including the Labour Code (12 May 1997) and the Law on Occupational Safety (24 December 1991) would appear to contain provisions relevant to the application of this Convention. Against this background the Committee requests the Government to provide further detailed information on the effect given to this Convention in current law and practice; to keep the Office informed of any further developments relevant for the application of this Convention; and to transmit copies of any new legislation once it has been adopted.

Guarding of Machinery Convention, 1963 (No. 119) - Tajikistan (Ratification: 1993)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2020, published 109th ILC session (2021)

A. General provisions

Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155)

B. Protection against specific risks

Guarding of Machinery Convention, 1963 (No. 119)

Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration) Convention, 1977 (No. 148)

C. Protection in specific branches of activity

Underground Work (Women) Convention, 1935 (No. 45)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2019, published 109th ILC session (2021)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2018, published 108th ILC session (2019)

Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155)

Guarding of Machinery Convention, 1963 (No. 119)

Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration) Convention, 1977 (No. 148)

Hygiene (Commerce and Offices) Convention, 1964 (No. 120)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2016, published 106th ILC session (2017)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2015, published 105th ILC session (2016)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2014, published 104th ILC session (2015)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2013, published 103rd ILC session (2014)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2012, published 102nd ILC session (2013)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2010, published 100th ILC session (2011)