Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111) - Belize (Ratification: 1999)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2021, published 110th ILC session (2022)

The Committee notes with deep concern that the Government’s report, due since 2015, has not been received. In light of its urgent appeal launched to the Government in 2020, the Committee proceeds with the examination of the application of the Convention on the basis of the information at its disposal.

Article 1(1)(a) of the Convention. Discrimination on the ground of sex. Sexual harassment. The Committee notes that the Criminal Code (section 65) does not mention “sexual harassment” and that by criminalizing only sexual offences such as rape, attempted rape, marital rape, carnal knowledge, forcible abduction, unnatural offence, incest or indecent assault, it does not address the full range of behaviours that constitutes sexual harassment in employment and occupation. Further, the Committee notes the absence, in the Labour Act of 2011, of provisions protecting workers against sexual harassment. In this regard, it wishes to recall that, it has consistently expressed the view that sexual harassment is a serious manifestation of sex discrimination to be addressed within the context of the Convention. Given the gravity and serious repercussions of sexual harassment, the Committee recalls its 2002 General Observation highlighting the importance of taking effective measures to prevent and prohibit sexual harassment at work. Such measures should address both: (1) any physical, verbal or non-verbal conduct of a sexual nature and other conduct based on sex affecting the dignity of women and men, which is unwelcome, unreasonable, and offensive to the recipient; and a person's rejection of, or submission to, such conduct is used explicitly or implicitly as a basis for a decision which affects that person’s job (quid pro quo); and (2) any conduct that creates an intimidating, hostile or humiliating working environment for the recipient (hostile work environment). While acknowledging the difficult situation prevailing in the country following Tropical Storm Erika (2015) and hurricane Maria (2017), the Committee asks the Government to consider including in the Labour Act provisions to establish: (i) legal protection against sexual harassment which explicitly defines and prohibits both quid pro quo and hostile work environment; and (ii) appropriate remedies. The Committee also asks the Government to provide information on any awareness-raising measures taken, in cooperation with social partners, with a view to improving the prevention and elimination of sexual harassment in employment and occupation.

Article 1(3). Protection against discrimination relating to all aspects of employment. The Committee recalls that section 16(4) of the Constitution, provides for exceptions to the principle of non-discrimination. It also recalls that section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act of 2011, provides for protection against unfair dismissal or discipline based on the grounds of race, colour, sex, marital status, ethnic origin, family responsibilities, religion, nationality, indigenous population, social origin, political opinion (where it does not interfere with work performance), workers’ physical structure, disability or age, pregnancy, union membership and HIV status. Noting the Government’s indication that the prohibition only applies in the context of dismissal, the Committee had asked the Government to extend this prohibition to all aspects of employment and occupation, that is to vocational training, access to employment and to particular occupations, and terms and conditions of employment, as requested by Article 1(3) of the Convention. In its reply, the Government informed the Committee that such an extension was not currently envisaged and added that it had received no complaints concerning section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act. The Committee notes that, in 2020, the Labour Act, Chapter 297 (Amendment) was amended. It notes with regret that the Government has not seized this opportunity to amend section 42. The Committee recalls that, under Article 1(3) of the Convention, the terms “employment” and “occupation” also include access to education, guidance and training. In this respect, the Committee highlights the important role of the State in this context: access to education and to a wide range of vocational training courses is of paramount importance for achieving equality in the labour market. It is a key factor in determining the actual possibilities of gaining access to a wide range of paid occupations and employment, especially those with opportunities for advancement and promotion. Vocational guidance and taking active measures to promote access to education and training, free from considerations based on stereotypes or prejudices, is essential in broadening the range of occupations from which men and women are able to choose (see General Survey on the fundamental Conventions, 2012, paragraphs 749–751). The Committee asks the Government to ensure that the protection from discrimination based on any of the grounds set out in section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act cover all aspects of employment and occupation, including access to education, guidance and vocational training. It also asks the Government to provide information on: (i) any awareness-raising activities on the legislation concerning equality of opportunity and treatment in employment and occupation, as well as the avenues of dispute resolution; and (ii) any complaints filed based on any ground prohibited by the Labour (Amendment) Act, 2020 and the results thereof. The Committee also asks the Government to provide information on the application in practice of section 16(4) of the Constitution.

Article 2. National Gender Policy. The Committee takes note of the revised National Gender Policy of 2013 (NGP). The NGP set up five policy priorities in the area of: health, education and skills training, employment generation, gender-based violence, and decision-making. According to the NGP, labour force data reveals that although there are slight increases in women’s labour force participation rate since 2002, less than half of females over 14 years old participate in the labour force versus approximately three-fourths of males over 14 years. A majority of women are employed in basic occupations, while men tend to be represented primarily in agriculture activities, in the forest and fisheries sectors and in the defence force. Even in sectors in which women comprise a majority of the work force, they still experience more unemployment than men (page 25). The NGP has also provided a number of recommendations in order to overcome the obstacles to women’s participation in the labour force, such as mainstreaming gender equality in the planning, implementation and monitoring of a number of strategies, including the National Poverty Elimination Strategies and the National Disaster Preparedness Response Plan and the creation of a National Employment Agency and Small Business Development Programme. The Committee notes from the 2020 Labour Force Survey that there is still a large gender disparity in the labour market with a high unemployment rate among women (17 per cent) compared to men (11.6 per cent). The Committee asks the Government to provide information on the measures taken and the results achieved within the framework of the revised National Gender Policy of 2013 to: (i) promote employment opportunities for women, including better access to jobs with career prospects and decision-making positions; and (ii) enhance women access to education in general and to a wider range of vocational training courses and occupations, including those in which men traditionally participate. The Committee also asks the Government to provide information on any revision of the NGP.

National policy. Indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities. The Committee notes that, according to the 2020 Labour Force Survey, the unemployment rate of the Creole was 16.9 per cent (15 per cent male versus 19.4 per cent female); 16.8 per cent for the Garifuna (11.4 per cent male versus 22.3 per cent female); while the rate reached 14.9 per cent in the Maya community (14.7 per cent male versus 15.2 per cent female). The Committee recalls that, where labour market inequalities exist along ethnic lines, a national policy to promote equality of opportunity and treatment, as envisaged in Articles 2 and 3 of the Convention, should include measures to promote equality of opportunity and treatment of members of all ethnic groups with respect to access to vocational training and guidance, placement services, employment and particular occupations, and terms and conditions of employment (General Survey, 2012, paragraph 765). The Committee asks the Government to provide information on any specific measures adopted: (i) to ensure indigenous peoples’ access to education, land and resources, especially those which allow them to practice their traditional activities; and (ii) to promote real equality of opportunity and treatment with other categories of the population.

General observation of 2018. With regard to the above issues, and in more general terms, the Committee would like to draw the Government’s attention to its general observation on discrimination based on race, colour and national extraction which was adopted in 2018. In the general observation, the Committee notes with concern that discriminatory attitudes and stereotypes based on the race, colour or national extraction of men and women workers continue to hinder their participation in education, vocational training programmes and access to a wider range of employment opportunities, resulting in persisting occupational segregation and lower remuneration received for work of equal value. Furthermore, the Committee considers that it is necessary to adopt a comprehensive and coordinated approach to tackling the obstacles and barriers faced by persons in employment and occupation because of their race, colour or national extraction, and to promote equality of opportunity and treatment for all. Such an approach should include the adoption of interlocking measures aimed at addressing gaps in education, training and skills, providing unbiased vocational guidance, recognizing and validating the qualifications obtained abroad, and valuing and recognizing traditional knowledge and skills that may be relevant both to accessing and advancing in employment and to engaging in an occupation. The Committee also recalls that, in order to be effective, these measures must include concrete steps, such as laws, policies, programmes, mechanisms and participatory processes, remedies designed to address prejudices and stereotypes and to promote mutual understanding and tolerance among all sections of the population.

The Committee draws the Government’s attention to its general observation of 2018 and requests the Government to provide information in response to the questions raised in that observation.

Article 3(c). Practices which are inconsistent with the national policy on equality of opportunity and treatment. In its previous comments, the Committee referred to the situation of female teachers who were dismissed after becoming pregnant, out of wedlock, and requested the Government to take measures thereon and noted the decision rendered on 30 April 2004 in which the Supreme Court of Belize referred to the international obligations of Belize and underlined the importance of the constitutional and legal issues at stake and “the ramifications for a national gender policy”. The Court concluded that the dismissal of a teacher in a public-funded Catholic school because she had become pregnant out of wedlock amounted to discrimination on the basis of sex and was a violation of her rights under article 16(2) of the Constitution. In its last comment, the Committee: (1) noted the Government’s indication that in order to address this kind of discriminatory practices in the education system, the Ministry of Education had created a Teachers Services Commission that will deal objectively with all the administrative and disciplinary issues related to teachers; and (2) requested the Government to provide information on the issues dealt with by the Teaching Service Commission and the decisions adopted. In the absence of information on this point, the Committee once again requests the Government to provide information on the concrete measures taken by the Teaching Service Commission to address discriminatory practices in the education system such as those described above in particular.

Article 5. Employment of women in night work. The Committee notes that section 161 of the Labour Act prohibits night work for women. The Committee wishes to point out that when provisions relating to protective measures for women are considered, a distinction should be made between special measures protecting maternity in the strict sense, which come within the scope of Article 5 of the Convention, and those aimed at protecting women generally because of their sex or gender, based on stereotypical perceptions about their capabilities and appropriate role in society, which violate the principle of equality of opportunity and treatment between men and women in employment and occupation. In addition, the Committee considers that provisions relating to the protection of persons working under hazardous or difficult conditions should be aimed at protecting the health and safety of both men and women at work, while taking account of gender differences with regard to specific risks to their health (see General Survey, 2012, paragraphs 839 and 840). Further, the Committee notes that Belize has ratified the Night Work (Women) Convention (Revised), 1948 (No. 89) and indicated that the Labour Advisory Board has recommended the elimination of all restrictions on night work for women and consequently the denunciation of Convention No. 89 and the ratification of the Night Work Convention, 1990 (No. 171) which is not devised as a gender-specific instrument, but focuses on the protection of all those working at night. The Committee therefore refers the Government to its comment under Convention No. 89. The Committee encourages the Government to consider amending, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations and in particular with women workers’ organizations, section 161 of the Labour Act prohibiting night work, in light of the principle of gender equality and technological developments, in order to ensure that any restriction or limitation on the employment of women is strictly limited to maternity protection, and to provide information on any steps taken in this regard.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2020, published 109th ILC session (2021)

The Committee notes with deep concern that the Government’s report has not been received. It expects that the next report will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous comments. The Committee informs the Government that, if it has not supplied replies to the points raised by 1 September 2021, then it may proceed with the examination of the application of the Convention on the basis of the information at its disposal at its next session.

Repetition

Legislation prohibiting discrimination in employment and occupation. The Committee recalls section 16(4) of the Constitution, which provides for exceptions to the principle of non-discrimination. It also recalls section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act of 2011, which provides for protection against unfair dismissal or discipline based on the grounds of race, colour, sex, marital status, ethnic origin, family responsibilities, religion, nationality, indigenous population, social origin, political opinion (where it does not interfere with work performance), workers’ physical structure, disability or age, pregnancy, union membership and HIV status. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the prohibition is only in the context of dismissal and that extending the prohibition to all aspects of employment and occupation is not currently envisaged. It also notes the Government’s indication that it has received no complaints concerning section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act. The Committee notes that, where no cases or complaints are being lodged, this may indicate a lack of awareness of rights, lack of confidence in or absence of practical access to procedures, or fear of reprisals (see General Survey on the fundamental Conventions, 2012, paragraph 870). The Committee asks the Government to continue to provide information on the practical application of section 16(4) of the Constitution and section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act, including the number of complaints filed concerning section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act, including on the basis of political opinion, and the results of the procedures followed. It also asks the Government to take steps to extend the protection to all aspects of employment and occupation, including access, terms and conditions, etc. Please provide information on any awareness-raising activities on the legislation concerning equality of opportunity and treatment in employment and occupation, as well as the avenues of dispute resolution.

Article 2 of the Convention. National Gender Policy. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that a revised National Gender Policy was drafted in 2010. It also notes the Government’s indication that, under a programme of the National Women’s Commission entitled “Women in Politics”, training has been given on how to successfully run for public office. The Government adds that the Women’s Department and non-governmental organizations continue to train women in entrepreneurship in order to promote better access to jobs with career prospects and decision-making positions. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on the following:

• (i) any evolution in the adoption of the revised National Gender Policy, its implementation and impact;
• (ii) specifically, the concrete measures and initiatives adopted to promote employment opportunities for women, including better access to jobs with career prospects and decision-making positions, as well as education.

National policy. Indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities. The Committee recalls that it had taken note of the fact that the incidence of poverty was highest among the Mayas (77 per cent), according to the report of the Minimum Wage Council of 2006. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the unemployment rate of the Mayas was 18.6 per cent as of April 2012, which was higher than the unemployment rates of the Garinagu (17.4 per cent), the Creole (16.2 per cent), and the Mestizo (13.6 per cent). It also notes that, in March 2012, a new Ministry of Forestry, Fisheries and Sustainable Development was established which, according to the Government, demonstrates a commitment to include indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities in the development process. It also notes the Government’s indication that non-governmental organizations are taking initiatives in promoting sustainable development through education and training for indigenous peoples. The Committee recalls that, where labour market inequalities along ethnic lines exist, a national policy to promote equality of opportunity and treatment, as envisaged in Articles 2 and 3 of the Convention, should include measures to promote equality of opportunity and treatment of members of all ethnic groups with respect to access to vocational training and guidance, placement services, employment and particular occupations, and terms and conditions of employment (see General Survey on the fundamental Conventions, 2012, paragraph 765). The Committee requests the Government to take specific measures in order to promote equality of workers of Mayan origin as well as other minorities in the country, in particular with respect to their access to employment and occupation, and to provide information on any progress made in this regard.

Article 3. In its previous comments, the Committee referred to the situation of teachers who were dismissed after becoming pregnant out of wedlock and requested the Government to take measures thereon. The Committee notes that, pursuant to section 17 of the Education and Training Act of 2010, the Teaching Service Commission is in charge of administrative and disciplinary issues related to teachers. The Committee also notes the Government’s indication that, for the academic year 2011–12, there were female enrolments in non-traditional areas, and that technical vocational education and training institutions have job-placement officers to assist in securing jobs after completing training. The Committee requests the Government to provide concrete information on the issues dealt with by the Teaching Service Commission and the decisions adopted. The Committee further requests the Government to continue to provide information on training opportunities for women in non-traditional occupations, including information on the number of women securing jobs in such occupations following such training.

Statistics. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the Statistical Institute of Belize conducted a labour force survey in April 2012, according to which men constituted the larger part of the labour force at 80,294, while the number of women was 46,428. Men constituted the majority in the labour force in all the ethnic groups, and in particular among the Mayas (men constituted 74.5 per cent of the Mayas in the labour force). The Committee asks the Government to continue to provide information on the number of men and women, disaggregated by sex and ethnicity, in the labour force, as well as other statistical information relating to the application of the Convention.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2019, published 109th ILC session (2021)

The Committee notes with deep concern that the Government’s report has not been received. It expects that the next report will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous comments. The Committee informs the Government that, if it has not supplied replies to the points raised by 1 September 2020, then it may proceed with the examination of the application of the Convention on the basis of the information at its disposal at its next session.

Repetition

Legislation prohibiting discrimination in employment and occupation. The Committee recalls section 16(4) of the Constitution, which provides for exceptions to the principle of non-discrimination. It also recalls section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act of 2011, which provides for protection against unfair dismissal or discipline based on the grounds of race, colour, sex, marital status, ethnic origin, family responsibilities, religion, nationality, indigenous population, social origin, political opinion (where it does not interfere with work performance), workers’ physical structure, disability or age, pregnancy, union membership and HIV status. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the prohibition is only in the context of dismissal and that extending the prohibition to all aspects of employment and occupation is not currently envisaged. It also notes the Government’s indication that it has received no complaints concerning section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act. The Committee notes that, where no cases or complaints are being lodged, this may indicate a lack of awareness of rights, lack of confidence in or absence of practical access to procedures, or fear of reprisals (see General Survey on the fundamental Conventions, 2012, paragraph 870). The Committee asks the Government to continue to provide information on the practical application of section 16(4) of the Constitution and section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act, including the number of complaints filed concerning section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act, including on the basis of political opinion, and the results of the procedures followed. It also asks the Government to take steps to extend the protection to all aspects of employment and occupation, including access, terms and conditions, etc. Please provide information on any awareness-raising activities on the legislation concerning equality of opportunity and treatment in employment and occupation, as well as the avenues of dispute resolution.

Article 2 of the Convention. National Gender Policy. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that a revised National Gender Policy was drafted in 2010. It also notes the Government’s indication that, under a programme of the National Women’s Commission entitled “Women in Politics”, training has been given on how to successfully run for public office. The Government adds that the Women’s Department and non-governmental organizations continue to train women in entrepreneurship in order to promote better access to jobs with career prospects and decision-making positions. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on the following:

• (i) any evolution in the adoption of the revised National Gender Policy, its implementation and impact;
• (ii) specifically, the concrete measures and initiatives adopted to promote employment opportunities for women, including better access to jobs with career prospects and decision-making positions, as well as education.

National policy. Indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities. The Committee recalls that it had taken note of the fact that the incidence of poverty was highest among the Mayas (77 per cent), according to the report of the Minimum Wage Council of 2006. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the unemployment rate of the Mayas was 18.6 per cent as of April 2012, which was higher than the unemployment rates of the Garinagu (17.4 per cent), the Creole (16.2 per cent), and the Mestizo (13.6 per cent). It also notes that, in March 2012, a new Ministry of Forestry, Fisheries and Sustainable Development was established which, according to the Government, demonstrates a commitment to include indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities in the development process. It also notes the Government’s indication that non-governmental organizations are taking initiatives in promoting sustainable development through education and training for indigenous peoples. The Committee recalls that, where labour market inequalities along ethnic lines exist, a national policy to promote equality of opportunity and treatment, as envisaged in Articles 2 and 3 of the Convention, should include measures to promote equality of opportunity and treatment of members of all ethnic groups with respect to access to vocational training and guidance, placement services, employment and particular occupations, and terms and conditions of employment (see General Survey on the fundamental Conventions, 2012, paragraph 765). The Committee requests the Government to take specific measures in order to promote equality of workers of Mayan origin as well as other minorities in the country, in particular with respect to their access to employment and occupation, and to provide information on any progress made in this regard.

Article 3. In its previous comments, the Committee referred to the situation of teachers who were dismissed after becoming pregnant out of wedlock and requested the Government to take measures thereon. The Committee notes that, pursuant to section 17 of the Education and Training Act of 2010, the Teaching Service Commission is in charge of administrative and disciplinary issues related to teachers. The Committee also notes the Government’s indication that, for the academic year 2011–12, there were female enrolments in non-traditional areas, and that technical vocational education and training institutions have job-placement officers to assist in securing jobs after completing training. The Committee requests the Government to provide concrete information on the issues dealt with by the Teaching Service Commission and the decisions adopted. The Committee further requests the Government to continue to provide information on training opportunities for women in non-traditional occupations, including information on the number of women securing jobs in such occupations following such training.

Statistics. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the Statistical Institute of Belize conducted a labour force survey in April 2012, according to which men constituted the larger part of the labour force at 80,294, while the number of women was 46,428. Men constituted the majority in the labour force in all the ethnic groups, and in particular among the Mayas (men constituted 74.5 per cent of the Mayas in the labour force). The Committee asks the Government to continue to provide information on the number of men and women, disaggregated by sex and ethnicity, in the labour force, as well as other statistical information relating to the application of the Convention.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2018, published 108th ILC session (2019)

The Committee notes with concern that the Government’s report has not been received. It expects that the next report will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous comments initially made in 2012.

Repetition

Legislation prohibiting discrimination in employment and occupation. The Committee recalls section 16(4) of the Constitution, which provides for exceptions to the principle of non-discrimination. It also recalls section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act of 2011, which provides for protection against unfair dismissal or discipline based on the grounds of race, colour, sex, marital status, ethnic origin, family responsibilities, religion, nationality, indigenous population, social origin, political opinion (where it does not interfere with work performance), workers’ physical structure, disability or age, pregnancy, union membership and HIV status. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the prohibition is only in the context of dismissal and that extending the prohibition to all aspects of employment and occupation is not currently envisaged. It also notes the Government’s indication that it has received no complaints concerning section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act. The Committee notes that, where no cases or complaints are being lodged, this may indicate a lack of awareness of rights, lack of confidence in or absence of practical access to procedures, or fear of reprisals (see General Survey on the fundamental Conventions, 2012, paragraph 870). The Committee asks the Government to continue to provide information on the practical application of section 16(4) of the Constitution and section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act, including the number of complaints filed concerning section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act, including on the basis of political opinion, and the results of the procedures followed. It also asks the Government to take steps to extend the protection to all aspects of employment and occupation, including access, terms and conditions, etc. Please provide information on any awareness-raising activities on the legislation concerning equality of opportunity and treatment in employment and occupation, as well as the avenues of dispute resolution.

Article 2 of the Convention. National Gender Policy. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that a revised National Gender Policy was drafted in 2010. It also notes the Government’s indication that, under a programme of the National Women’s Commission entitled “Women in Politics”, training has been given on how to successfully run for public office. The Government adds that the Women’s Department and non-governmental organizations continue to train women in entrepreneurship in order to promote better access to jobs with career prospects and decision-making positions. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on the following:

• (i) any evolution in the adoption of the revised National Gender Policy, its implementation and impact;
• (ii) specifically, the concrete measures and initiatives adopted to promote employment opportunities for women, including better access to jobs with career prospects and decision-making positions, as well as education.

National policy. Indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities. The Committee recalls that it had taken note of the fact that the incidence of poverty was highest among the Mayas (77 per cent), according to the report of the Minimum Wage Council of 2006. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the unemployment rate of the Mayas was 18.6 per cent as of April 2012, which was higher than the unemployment rates of the Garinagu (17.4 per cent), the Creole (16.2 per cent), and the Mestizo (13.6 per cent). It also notes that, in March 2012, a new Ministry of Forestry, Fisheries and Sustainable Development was established which, according to the Government, demonstrates a commitment to include indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities in the development process. It also notes the Government’s indication that non-governmental organizations are taking initiatives in promoting sustainable development through education and training for indigenous peoples. The Committee recalls that, where labour market inequalities along ethnic lines exist, a national policy to promote equality of opportunity and treatment, as envisaged in Articles 2 and 3 of the Convention, should include measures to promote equality of opportunity and treatment of members of all ethnic groups with respect to access to vocational training and guidance, placement services, employment and particular occupations, and terms and conditions of employment (see General Survey on the fundamental Conventions, 2012, paragraph 765). The Committee requests the Government to take specific measures in order to promote equality of workers of Mayan origin as well as other minorities in the country, in particular with respect to their access to employment and occupation, and to provide information on any progress made in this regard.

Article 3. In its previous comments, the Committee referred to the situation of teachers who were dismissed after becoming pregnant out of wedlock and requested the Government to take measures thereon. The Committee notes that, pursuant to section 17 of the Education and Training Act of 2010, the Teaching Service Commission is in charge of administrative and disciplinary issues related to teachers. The Committee also notes the Government’s indication that, for the academic year 2011–12, there were female enrolments in non-traditional areas, and that technical vocational education and training institutions have job-placement officers to assist in securing jobs after completing training. The Committee requests the Government to provide concrete information on the issues dealt with by the Teaching Service Commission and the decisions adopted. The Committee further requests the Government to continue to provide information on training opportunities for women in non-traditional occupations, including information on the number of women securing jobs in such occupations following such training.

Statistics. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the Statistical Institute of Belize conducted a labour force survey in April 2012, according to which men constituted the larger part of the labour force at 80,294, while the number of women was 46,428. Men constituted the majority in the labour force in all the ethnic groups, and in particular among the Mayas (men constituted 74.5 per cent of the Mayas in the labour force). The Committee asks the Government to continue to provide information on the number of men and women, disaggregated by sex and ethnicity, in the labour force, as well as other statistical information relating to the application of the Convention.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2017, published 107th ILC session (2018)

The Committee notes with concern that the Government’s report has not been received. It expects that the next report will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous comments initially made in 2012. The Committee also notes that the Government had been requested to provide information to the Committee on the Application of Standards at the 106th Session of the International Labour Conference for failure to supply reports and information on the application of ratified Conventions.

Repetition

Legislation prohibiting discrimination in employment and occupation. The Committee recalls section 16(4) of the Constitution, which provides for exceptions to the principle of non-discrimination. It also recalls section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act of 2011, which provides for protection against unfair dismissal or discipline based on the grounds of race, colour, sex, marital status, ethnic origin, family responsibilities, religion, nationality, indigenous population, social origin, political opinion (where it does not interfere with work performance), workers’ physical structure, disability or age, pregnancy, union membership and HIV status. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the prohibition is only in the context of dismissal and that extending the prohibition to all aspects of employment and occupation is not currently envisaged. It also notes the Government’s indication that it has received no complaints concerning section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act. The Committee notes that, where no cases or complaints are being lodged, this may indicate a lack of awareness of rights, lack of confidence in or absence of practical access to procedures, or fear of reprisals (see General Survey on the fundamental Conventions, 2012, paragraph 870). The Committee asks the Government to continue to provide information on the practical application of section 16(4) of the Constitution and section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act, including the number of complaints filed concerning section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act, including on the basis of political opinion, and the results of the procedures followed. It also asks the Government to take steps to extend the protection to all aspects of employment and occupation, including access, terms and conditions, etc. Please provide information on any awareness-raising activities on the legislation concerning equality of opportunity and treatment in employment and occupation, as well as the avenues of dispute resolution.

Article 2 of the Convention. National Gender Policy. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that a revised National Gender Policy was drafted in 2010. It also notes the Government’s indication that, under a programme of the National Women’s Commission entitled “Women in Politics”, training has been given on how to successfully run for public office. The Government adds that the Women’s Department and non-governmental organizations continue to train women in entrepreneurship in order to promote better access to jobs with career prospects and decision-making positions. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on the following:

• (i) any evolution in the adoption of the revised National Gender Policy, its implementation and impact;
• (ii) specifically, the concrete measures and initiatives adopted to promote employment opportunities for women, including better access to jobs with career prospects and decision-making positions, as well as education.

National policy. Indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities. The Committee recalls that it had taken note of the fact that the incidence of poverty was highest among the Mayas (77 per cent), according to the report of the Minimum Wage Council of 2006. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the unemployment rate of the Mayas was 18.6 per cent as of April 2012, which was higher than the unemployment rates of the Garinagu (17.4 per cent), the Creole (16.2 per cent), and the Mestizo (13.6 per cent). It also notes that, in March 2012, a new Ministry of Forestry, Fisheries and Sustainable Development was established which, according to the Government, demonstrates a commitment to include indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities in the development process. It also notes the Government’s indication that non-governmental organizations are taking initiatives in promoting sustainable development through education and training for indigenous peoples. The Committee recalls that, where labour market inequalities along ethnic lines exist, a national policy to promote equality of opportunity and treatment, as envisaged in Articles 2 and 3 of the Convention, should include measures to promote equality of opportunity and treatment of members of all ethnic groups with respect to access to vocational training and guidance, placement services, employment and particular occupations, and terms and conditions of employment (see General Survey on the fundamental Conventions, 2012, paragraph 765). The Committee requests the Government to take specific measures in order to promote equality of workers of Mayan origin as well as other minorities in the country, in particular with respect to their access to employment and occupation, and to provide information on any progress made in this regard.

Article 3. In its previous comments, the Committee referred to the situation of teachers who were dismissed after becoming pregnant out of wedlock and requested the Government to take measures thereon. The Committee notes that, pursuant to section 17 of the Education and Training Act of 2010, the Teaching Service Commission is in charge of administrative and disciplinary issues related to teachers. The Committee also notes the Government’s indication that, for the academic year 2011–12, there were female enrolments in non-traditional areas, and that technical vocational education and training institutions have job-placement officers to assist in securing jobs after completing training. The Committee requests the Government to provide concrete information on the issues dealt with by the Teaching Service Commission and the decisions adopted. The Committee further requests the Government to continue to provide information on training opportunities for women in non-traditional occupations, including information on the number of women securing jobs in such occupations following such training.

Statistics. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the Statistical Institute of Belize conducted a labour force survey in April 2012, according to which men constituted the larger part of the labour force at 80,294, while the number of women was 46,428. Men constituted the majority in the labour force in all the ethnic groups, and in particular among the Mayas (men constituted 74.5 per cent of the Mayas in the labour force). The Committee asks the Government to continue to provide information on the number of men and women, disaggregated by sex and ethnicity, in the labour force, as well as other statistical information relating to the application of the Convention.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2016, published 106th ILC session (2017)

The Committee notes with regret that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that the next report will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous comments.

Repetition

Legislation prohibiting discrimination in employment and occupation. The Committee recalls section 16(4) of the Constitution, which provides for exceptions to the principle of non-discrimination. It also recalls section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act of 2011, which provides for protection against unfair dismissal or discipline based on the grounds of race, colour, sex, marital status, ethnic origin, family responsibilities, religion, nationality, indigenous population, social origin, political opinion (where it does not interfere with work performance), workers’ physical structure, disability or age, pregnancy, union membership and HIV status. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the prohibition is only in the context of dismissal and that extending the prohibition to all aspects of employment and occupation is not currently envisaged. It also notes the Government’s indication that it has received no complaints concerning section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act. The Committee notes that, where no cases or complaints are being lodged, this may indicate a lack of awareness of rights, lack of confidence in or absence of practical access to procedures, or fear of reprisals (General Survey on the fundamental Conventions, 2012, paragraph 870). The Committee asks the Government to continue to provide information on the practical application of section 16(4) of the Constitution and section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act, including the number of complaints filed concerning section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act, including on the basis of political opinion, and the results of the procedures followed. It also asks the Government to take steps to extend the protection to all aspects of employment and occupation, including access, terms and conditions, etc. Please provide information on any awareness-raising activities on the legislation concerning equality of opportunity and treatment in employment and occupation, as well as the avenues of dispute resolution.

Article 2 of the Convention. National Gender Policy. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that a revised National Gender Policy was drafted in 2010. It also notes the Government’s indication that, under a programme of the National Women’s Commission entitled “Women in Politics”, training has been given on how to successfully run for public office. The Government adds that the Women’s Department and non-governmental organizations continue to train women in entrepreneurship in order to promote better access to jobs with career prospects and decision-making positions. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on the following:

• (i) any evolution in the adoption of the revised National Gender Policy, its implementation and impact;
• (ii) specifically, the concrete measures and initiatives adopted to promote employment opportunities for women, including better access to jobs with career prospects and decision-making positions, as well as education.

National policy. Indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities. The Committee recalls that it had taken note of the fact that the incidence of poverty was highest among the Mayas (77 per cent), according to the report of the Minimum Wage Council of 2006. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the unemployment rate of the Mayas was 18.6 per cent as of April 2012, which was higher than the unemployment rates of the Garinagu (17.4 per cent), the Creole (16.2 per cent), and the Mestizo (13.6 per cent). It also notes that, in March 2012, a new Ministry of Forestry, Fisheries and Sustainable Development was established which, according to the Government, demonstrates a commitment to include indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities in the development process. It also notes the Government’s indication that non-governmental organizations are taking initiatives in promoting sustainable development through education and training for indigenous peoples. The Committee recalls that, where labour market inequalities along ethnic lines exist, a national policy to promote equality of opportunity and treatment, as envisaged in Articles 2 and 3 of the Convention, should include measures to promote equality of opportunity and treatment of members of all ethnic groups with respect to access to vocational training and guidance, placement services, employment and particular occupations, and terms and conditions of employment (General Survey, 2012, paragraph 765). The Committee requests the Government to take specific measures in order to promote equality of workers of Mayan origin as well as other minorities in the country, in particular with respect to their access to employment and occupation, and to provide information on any progress made in this regard.

Article 3. In its previous comments, the Committee referred to the situation of teachers who were dismissed after becoming pregnant out of wedlock and requested the Government to take measures thereon. The Committee notes that, pursuant to section 17 of the Education and Training Act of 2010, the Teaching Service Commission is in charge of administrative and disciplinary issues related to teachers. The Committee also notes the Government’s indication that, for the academic year 2011–12, there were female enrolments in non-traditional areas, and that technical vocational education and training institutions have job-placement officers to assist in securing jobs after completing training. The Committee requests the Government to provide concrete information on the issues dealt with by the Teaching Service Commission and the decisions adopted. The Committee further requests the Government to continue to provide information on training opportunities for women in non-traditional occupations, including information on the number of women securing jobs in such occupations following such training.

Statistics. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the Statistical Institute of Belize conducted a labour force survey in April 2012, according to which men constituted the larger part of the labour force at 80,294, while the number of women was 46,428. Men constituted the majority in the labour force in all the ethnic groups, and in particular among the Mayas (men constituted 74.5 per cent of the Mayas in the labour force). The Committee asks the Government to continue to provide information on the number of men and women, disaggregated by sex and ethnicity, in the labour force, as well as other statistical information relating to the application of the Convention.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2015, published 105th ILC session (2016)

The Committee notes that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that the next report will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous comments.

Repetition

Legislation prohibiting discrimination in employment and occupation. The Committee recalls section 16(4) of the Constitution, which provides for exceptions to the principle of non-discrimination. It also recalls section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act of 2011, which provides for protection against unfair dismissal or discipline based on the grounds of race, colour, sex, marital status, ethnic origin, family responsibilities, religion, nationality, indigenous population, social origin, political opinion (where it does not interfere with work performance), workers’ physical structure, disability or age, pregnancy, union membership and HIV status. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the prohibition is only in the context of dismissal and that extending the prohibition to all aspects of employment and occupation is not currently envisaged. It also notes the Government’s indication that it has received no complaints concerning section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act. The Committee notes that, where no cases or complaints are being lodged, this may indicate a lack of awareness of rights, lack of confidence in or absence of practical access to procedures, or fear of reprisals (General Survey on the fundamental Conventions, 2012, paragraph 870). The Committee asks the Government to continue to provide information on the practical application of section 16(4) of the Constitution and section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act, including the number of complaints filed concerning section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act, including on the basis of political opinion, and the results of the procedures followed. It also asks the Government to take steps to extend the protection to all aspects of employment and occupation, including access, terms and conditions, etc. Please provide information on any awareness-raising activities on the legislation concerning equality of opportunity and treatment in employment and occupation, as well as the avenues of dispute resolution.

Article 2 of the Convention. National Gender Policy. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that a revised National Gender Policy was drafted in 2010, but it has not yet been adopted. It also notes the Government’s indication that, under a programme of the National Women’s Commission entitled “Women in Politics”, training has been given on how to successfully run for public office. The Government adds that the Women’s Department and non-governmental organizations continue to train women in entrepreneurship in order to promote better access to jobs with career prospects and decision-making positions. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on the following:

• (i) any evolution in the adoption of the revised National Gender Policy, its implementation and impact;
• (ii) specifically, the concrete measures and initiatives adopted to promote employment opportunities for women, including better access to jobs with career prospects and decision-making positions, as well as education.

National policy. Indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities. The Committee recalls that it had taken note of the fact that the incidence of poverty was highest among the Mayas (77 per cent), according to the report of the Minimum Wage Council of 2006. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the unemployment rate of the Mayas was 18.6 per cent as of April 2012, which was higher than the unemployment rates of the Garinagu (17.4 per cent), the Creole (16.2 per cent), and the Mestizo (13.6 per cent). It also notes that, in March 2012, a new Ministry of Forestry, Fisheries and Sustainable Development was established which, according to the Government, demonstrates a commitment to include indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities in the development process. It also notes the Government’s indication that non-governmental organizations are taking initiatives in promoting sustainable development through education and training for indigenous peoples. The Committee recalls that, where labour market inequalities along ethnic lines exist, a national policy to promote equality of opportunity and treatment, as envisaged in Articles 2 and 3 of the Convention, should include measures to promote equality of opportunity and treatment of members of all ethnic groups with respect to access to vocational training and guidance, placement services, employment and particular occupations, and terms and conditions of employment (General Survey, 2012, paragraph 765). The Committee requests the Government to take specific measures in order to promote equality of workers of Mayan origin as well as other minorities in the country, in particular with respect to their access to employment and occupation, and to provide information on any progress made in this regard.

Article 3. In its previous comments, the Committee referred to the situation of teachers who were dismissed after becoming pregnant out of wedlock and requested the Government to take measures thereon. The Committee notes that, pursuant to section 17 of the Education and Training Act of 2010, the Teaching Service Commission is in charge of administrative and disciplinary issues related to teachers. The Committee also notes the Government’s indication that, for the academic year 2011–12, there were female enrolments in non-traditional areas, and that technical vocational education and training institutions have job-placement officers to assist in securing jobs after completing training. The Committee requests the Government to provide concrete information on the issues dealt with by the Teaching Service Commission and the decisions adopted. The Committee further requests the Government to continue to provide information on training opportunities for women in non-traditional occupations, including information on the number of women securing jobs in such occupations following such training.

Part V of the report form. Statistics. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the Statistical Institute of Belize conducted a labour force survey in April 2012, according to which men constituted the larger part of the labour force at 80,294, while the number of women was 46,428. Men constituted the majority in the labour force in all the ethnic groups, and in particular among the Mayas (men constituted 74.5 per cent of the Mayas in the labour force). The Committee asks the Government to continue to provide information on the number of men and women, disaggregated by sex and ethnicity, in the labour force, as well as other statistical information relating to the application of the Convention.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2012, published 102nd ILC session (2013)

Legislation prohibiting discrimination in employment and occupation. The Committee recalls section 16(4) of the Constitution, which provides for exceptions to the principle of non-discrimination. It also recalls section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act of 2011, which provides for protection against unfair dismissal or discipline based on the grounds of race, colour, sex, marital status, ethnic origin, family responsibilities, religion, nationality, indigenous population, social origin, political opinion (where it does not interfere with work performance), workers’ physical structure, disability or age, pregnancy, union membership and HIV status. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the prohibition is only in the context of dismissal and that extending the prohibition to all aspects of employment and occupation is not currently envisaged. It also notes the Government’s indication that it has received no complaints concerning section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act. The Committee notes that, where no cases or complaints are being lodged, this may indicate a lack of awareness of rights, lack of confidence in or absence of practical access to procedures, or fear of reprisals (General Survey on the fundamental Conventions, 2012, paragraph 870). The Committee asks the Government to continue to provide information on the practical application of section 16(4) of the Constitution and section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act, including the number of complaints filed concerning section 42 of the Labour (Amendment) Act, including on the basis of political opinion, and the results of the procedures followed. It also asks the Government to take steps to extend the protection to all aspects of employment and occupation, including access, terms and conditions, etc. Please provide information on any awareness-raising activities on the legislation concerning equality of opportunity and treatment in employment and occupation, as well as the avenues of dispute resolution.

Article 2 of the Convention. National Gender Policy. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that a revised National Gender Policy was drafted in 2010, but it has not yet been adopted. It also notes the Government’s indication that, under a programme of the National Women’s Commission entitled “Women in Politics”, training has been given on how to successfully run for public office. The Government adds that the Women’s Department and non-governmental organizations continue to train women in entrepreneurship in order to promote better access to jobs with career prospects and decision-making positions. The Committee again requests the Government to provide information on the following:

• (i) any evolution in the adoption of the revised National Gender Policy, its implementation and impact;
• (ii) specifically, the concrete measures and initiatives adopted to promote employment opportunities for women, including better access to jobs with career prospects and decision-making positions, as well as education.

National policy. Indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities. The Committee recalls that it had taken note of the fact that the incidence of poverty was highest among the Mayas (77 per cent), according to the report of the Minimum Wage Council of 2006. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the unemployment rate of the Mayas was 18.6 per cent as of April 2012, which was higher than the unemployment rates of the Garinagu (17.4 per cent), the Creole (16.2 per cent), and the Mestizo (13.6 per cent). It also notes that, in March 2012, a new Ministry of Forestry, Fisheries and Sustainable Development was established which, according to the Government, demonstrates a commitment to include indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities in the development process. It also notes the Government’s indication that non-governmental organizations are taking initiatives in promoting sustainable development through education and training for indigenous peoples. The Committee recalls that, where labour market inequalities along ethnic lines exist, a national policy to promote equality of opportunity and treatment, as envisaged in Articles 2 and 3 of the Convention, should include measures to promote equality of opportunity and treatment of members of all ethnic groups with respect to access to vocational training and guidance, placement services, employment and particular occupations, and terms and conditions of employment (General Survey, 2012, paragraph 765). The Committee requests the Government to take specific measures in order to promote equality of workers of Mayan origin as well as other minorities in the country, in particular with respect to their access to employment and occupation, and to provide information on any progress made in this regard.

Article 3. In its previous comments, the Committee referred to the situation of teachers who were dismissed after becoming pregnant out of wedlock and requested the Government to take measures thereon. The Committee notes that, pursuant to section 17 of the Education and Training Act of 2010, the Teaching Service Commission is in charge of administrative and disciplinary issues related to teachers. The Committee also notes the Government’s indication that, for the academic year 2011–12, there were female enrolments in non-traditional areas, and that technical vocational education and training institutions have job-placement officers to assist in securing jobs after completing training. The Committee requests the Government to provide concrete information on the issues dealt with by the Teaching Service Commission and the decisions adopted. The Committee further requests the Government to continue to provide information on training opportunities for women in non-traditional occupations, including information on the number of women securing jobs in such occupations following such training.

Part V of the report form. Statistics. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the Statistical Institute of Belize conducted a labour force survey in April 2012, according to which men constituted the larger part of the labour force at 80,294, while the number of women was 46,428. Men constituted the majority in the labour force in all the ethnic groups, and in particular among the Mayas (men constituted 74.5 per cent of the Mayas in the labour force). The Committee asks the Government to continue to provide information on the number of men and women, disaggregated by sex and ethnicity, in the labour force, as well as other statistical information relating to the application of the Convention.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2011, published 101st ILC session (2012)

Legislation prohibiting discrimination in employment and occupation. The Committee has been referring during the last years to article 16(4) of the Constitution that provides for exceptions to the principle of non- discrimination and to the fact that the Labour Act, 2000, contained no provision defining and prohibiting discrimination in employment and occupation. In this regard, the Committee notes with interest the adoption on 13 April 2011 of the Labour (Amendment) Act, 2011, which provides in section 42 for protection against unfair dismissal or discipline based on the grounds of race, colour, sex, marital status, ethnic origin, family responsibilities, religion, nationality, indigenous population, social origin, political opinion (where it does not interfere with work performance), workers’ physical structure, disability or age, pregnancy, union membership and HIV status. The same article also provides protection against dismissal for those that have filed a complaint against the employer. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on the implementation of the new Labour (Amendment) Act, 2011, in particular with respect to the number of complaints filed on the bases of an alleged violation of section 42 and the results of the procedures followed. Noting the Labour (Amendment) Act prohibits only discrimination in the context of dismissal, the Committee asks the Government to provide information on any steps taken or envisaged to extend the prohibition to all aspects of employment and occupation, including access, terms and conditions, etc. Please also provide information on the exception to the prohibition of discrimination based on political opinion, including the types of jobs that would be considered within the exception. The Committee further requests the Government to provide information on the application in practice of article 16(4) of the Constitution.

Article 2 of the Convention. National Gender Policy. The Committee notes that according to the Government’s report, following a consultation organized by the National Women’s Commission in March 2009 with various social partners, a Revised National Gender Policy was drafted. The Government indicates that this policy provides for measures to promote employment opportunities for women, including better access to jobs with career prospects and decision-making positions and is now before the National Assembly for approval. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on the following:

(i) any evolution in the adoption of the revised National Gender Policy, its implementation and impact;

(ii) specifically, the concrete measures and initiatives adopted to promote employment opportunities for women including better access to jobs with career prospects and decision-making positions, as well as education.

National policy. Ethnic minorities. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the National Gender Policy takes into account the elimination of discrimination regardless of ethnicity and that the Mayas are not excluded from employment and occupation opportunities. Recalling that in its previous comments it had taken note of the fact that the incidence of poverty was highest among the Mayas (77 per cent), the Committee requests the Government to indicate the specific measures taken in order to promote equality of workers of Mayan origin as well as other minorities in the country, with respect to their access to employment and occupation.

Article 3. In its previous comments, the Committee referred to the situation of teachers who are dismissed after becoming pregnant out of the wedlock and requested the Government to take measures thereon. In this respect, the Committee notes the Government’s indication that in order to address this kind of discriminatory practices in the education system, the Ministry of Education created a “Teachers Services Commission” that will deal objectively with all the administrative and disciplinary issues related to teachers. The Committee requests the Government to provide concrete information on the issues dealt with by the Teachers Services Commission and the decisions adopted. The Committee further requests the Government to continue to provide information on training opportunities for women in non-traditional occupations, including information on the number of women securing jobs in such occupations following such training.

Part V of the report form. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the Statistical Institute of Belize has not yet provided the disaggregated information on employment statistics after conclusion of the population census carried out in 2010, which provides information concerning ethnicity, sex and religion. The Committee requests the Government to provide this information as soon as it is available.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2009, published 99th ILC session (2010)

Legislation prohibiting discrimination in employment and occupation. The Committee previously noted that article 16(4) of the Constitution provides for exceptions to the principle of non-discrimination and requested the Government to provide information on the application in practice of this provision. Noting the Government’s statement that additional consultation is necessary in order to provide more detailed information in this regard, the Committee hopes that the Government will soon be in a position to provide information on the application in law and in practice of article 16(4) of the Constitution, including laws adopted or copies of administrative or judicial decisions.

Previously the Committee had noted the absence of any provision in the Labour Act, 2000 defining and prohibiting discrimination in employment and occupation, and encouraged the Government to include such a provision in the near future. The Committee notes the Government’s reply indicating that the Labour Advisory Board has been reactivated as of March 2009. The Committee would like to draw the Government’s attention to the developments regarding the prohibition of discrimination and the application of the Convention, set out in its General Report of 2009 (paragraphs 105–120). In particular, the Committee noted that “though a number of countries already have general constitutional provisions regarding equality, these provisions, while important, have generally not proven to be sufficient in order to address specific cases of discrimination in employment and occupation … Given persisting patterns of discrimination, the Committee considers that in most cases comprehensive anti-discrimination legislation is needed to ensure the effective application of the Convention” (paragraph 109). The Committee invites the Government to examine the possibility of adopting provisions explicitly defining and prohibiting direct and indirect discrimination, on all the grounds enumerated in Article 1(1)(a) of the Convention (race, colour, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction and social origin), with respect to all aspects of employment and occupation, and covering all workers, and to provide information on steps taken in this regard. It requests the Government to provide information on the specific measures taken by the Labour Advisory Board in this regard.

The Committee notes that the National Gender Policy adopted in 2003 and attached to the Government’s report, provides an analysis of the laws of Belize from a gender perspective (sections 3.2 and 3.3 of the Policy). The Committee also notes Recommendation 73 of the Policy, providing that “The Labour Act and other laws governing employment conditions will be reviewed, and revised in order to remove any gender discriminatory provisions”. The Committee asks the Government to provide information on any follow-up being taken to address the legislative gaps identified in the National Gender Policy, in particular regarding education, employment and occupation.

Article 2 of the Convention. National policy. Gender equality. The Committee notes the information provided regarding the activities developed under the National Gender Policy. The Committee welcomes the establishment, within the framework of the National Gender Policy, of gender focal points in government ministries, non-governmental organizations and community-based organizations as well as the publication of a gender focal point handbook and a I. The Committee also notes the statement in the Policy that, despite better educational qualifications, women continue to be denied equal opportunities in employment, including in recruitment, promotion, salary and benefits. Recommendation 72 of the Policy provides that the Labour Department, in consultation with the Women’s Department, should develop a strategy to monitor and promote equal employment opportunities, including awareness-raising regarding rights and complaints mechanisms, and the collection of relevant data. The Committee also notes the Government’s statement that the National Gender Policy is currently under review and may be revised. The Committee requests the Government to continue to provide information on any initiatives taken in the framework of the National Gender Policy, and the impact thereof. In this context, please provide specific information on the outcome of the consultation organized by the National Women’s Commission in March 2009, indicating the role of the social partners in this consultation, and any follow-up given to this. Please provide information on any follow-up to Recommendation No. 72, and any measures taken to promote employment opportunities for women including better access to jobs with career prospects and decision-making positions. The Committee also requests the Government to provide information on the outcome of the review of the National Gender Policy and to provide a copy of the revised Policy.

National policy. Ethnic minorities. The Committee notes from the final report of the Minimum Wage Council, 2006, attached to the Government’s report under the Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100), that of the four major ethnic groups, the incidence of poverty was highest among the Mayas (77 per cent). The Committee also notes the information provided by the Government indicating that women development officers conduct a biannual needs assessment based on the specific cultural groups they are working with. The Committee asks the Government to provide more detailed information on the measures taken with respect to developing and implementing a national policy on equality in employment and occupation, with a view to eliminating discrimination against the various ethnic groups. Please also provide information on any steps taken in particular to improve the access of the Mayas to employment and occupation.

Article 3. The Committee notes that the study entitled “Examination of discriminatory behaviours and practices within the education system”, attached to the Government’s report, explains that the education system is based on a partnership between churches and the State where the churches manage the schools on public funds. The study states that the education system has always responded negatively to unwed mothers who are part of the system and brings to light the disciplinary action faced by most teachers who after becoming pregnant out of wedlock refuse to marry. The Committee notes in this regard the decision rendered on 30 April 2004 in which the Supreme Court of Belize referred to the international obligations of Belize and underlined the importance of the constitutional and legal issues at stake and “the ramifications for a national gender policy”. The Court concluded that the dismissal of a teacher in a public-funded Catholic school because she had become pregnant out of wedlock amounted to discrimination on the basis of sex and was a violation of her rights under article 16(2) of the Constitution. The Committee requests the Government to indicate any measures taken or envisaged to address such discriminatory practices in the education system. The Committee also requests the Government to continue to provide copies of administrative or judicial decisions relating to this matter.

The Committee notes the Government’s indication that through the technical vocational education and training project, women are being equipped with the skills to enable them to tap into job markets that have been dominated by men, such as technology and manufacturing. The Committee also notes that the programme on non-traditional skills training for low-income women, which has provided training for 200 women, is aimed at increasing the employment of women in non-traditional occupations. The Committee requests the Government to continue to provide information on training opportunities provided to women in non-traditional occupations, including information on the number of women securing jobs in such occupations following such training.

Part V of the report form. The Committee notes the Government’s statement that the Ministry of Labour will be consulting with the Statistical Institute of Belize in order to describe the type of statistics that will be required to evaluate the application of the Convention. The Committee looks forward to receiving information regarding the outcome of the consultations with the Statistical Institute, and hopes that the Government will then be able to collect, analyse and disseminate employment statistics, disaggregated not only by ethnicity and sex, but also, if possible, by other criteria covered by the Convention, including race and religion.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2008, published 98th ILC session (2009)

The Committee notes with regret that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

1. Article 1. Noting that article 16(4) of the Constitution provides for certain exceptions to the principle of non-discrimination, the Committee reiterates its request to the Government to provide more detailed information, including laws adopted or copies of administrative or judicial decisions, on the application in practice of these exceptions.

2. Given the absence of any provision in the Labour Act (revised edition 2000), which defines or prohibits discrimination in employment and occupation, the Committee encourages the Government to include such a provision in the near future and report on measures undertaken towards that end.

3. The Committee notes with interest the provision (section 9(3)) in the Trade Union and Employers’ Organisations (Registration, Recognition and Status) Act, 2000, which prohibits discrimination in trade unions and employers’ organizations inter alia on the grounds set out in the Convention. The Committee hopes that the application of this provision will assist in the promotion of equal opportunities and treatment in employment and occupation.

4. Article 2. The Committee notes with interest the strategic plan entitled “Belize Equity and Equality. Strategic Plan: Facilitating the implementation of a National Gender Management System” dated 14 August 1998 (the “Plan”), which recognizes the need to develop strategies to empower women, and which has increases in “wealth and employment generation opportunities” as a priority area. The Committee further notes that this Plan appears to have been the basis for the drafting of the “National Gender Policy: Belize” (the “Policy”), which the Government mentioned in its report. The Government is asked to provide any further pertinent details as to the Policy, including its stage and means of implementation, any social partners that are involved in its implementation and educational programmes envisaged to secure acceptance and observance of this Policy.

5. The Committee reiterates its request to the Government to provide information as to how its national policy is observed with respect to vocational guidance and training as well as placement services under the direction of the national authority. At the same time, the Committee requests the Government to forward any reports, surveys or other materials relevant to achieving employment equality for women that the Ministry of Human Development, Women and Youth or any other relevant bodies have developed.

6. The Committee notes the Government’s statement that measures to promote equality of opportunity for ethnic minorities including Belizeans and non-Belizeans are included in the Strategic Plan and the Policy mentioned in the previous paragraph. In light of the fact that the Strategic Plan describes its mission as “defining a strategic plan for empowerment of women”, and that it arose out of Belize’s interest in implementing the commitments made at the 1995 Beijing World Conference on Women, the Committee requests clarification of how the Strategic Plan and the Policy, which is based on the Strategic Plan, also promote equality of opportunity on grounds of national extraction. In this connection, the Committee asks the Government to provide any existing specific information regarding efforts, including programmes or policies of public bodies, cooperative efforts with workers’ and employers’ organizations, and any other measures designed to promote equality of opportunity and treatment for various ethnic groups in employment and occupation.

7. Article 3. The Committee notes that a study entitled “Examination of discriminatory behaviours and practices within the educational system” was conducted as a measure “to eliminate any discrimination that might exist against female teachers and girls in education because of pregnancy”. The Committee requests the Government to forward a copy of this report and to provide information regarding responses to it, including initiation of legislative or other efforts to eliminate such discrimination.

8. The Committee notes the information provided as to the technical training programme for women in non-traditional occupations. It requests the Government to provide any further available information on this effort, indicating how many participants are involved and which specific results have been achieved with respect to new positions obtained for the trainees.

9. The Committee notes with interest the reported considerable increase in the number of women being employed in higher-level posts in the public service. The Committee asks the Government to provide any applicable statistics regarding this increase. In addition, the Government is encouraged to provide information on the measures taken or envisaged to increase the opportunities for women to be employed in a wide variety of occupations and sectors outside the public service.

10. Part V of the report form. The Committee is grateful to have received the statistics, disaggregated by ethnicity and sex, regarding employment in the labour force. The Committee notes that the statistics bear out the concern that women in each of the groups appear to be significantly less well represented in employment than their male counterparts, and asks the Government to confirm that it is taking this evidence into account in its efforts to promote equal employment opportunity for women. The Committee asks the Government if it intends to collect and disseminate employment statistics disaggregated by other categories covered by the Convention including race and religion.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2007, published 97th ILC session (2008)

The Committee notes with regret that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

1. Article 1. Noting that article 16(4) of the Constitution provides for certain exceptions to the principle of non-discrimination, the Committee reiterates its request to the Government to provide more detailed information, including laws adopted or copies of administrative or judicial decisions, on the application in practice of these exceptions.

2. Given the absence of any provision in the Labour Act (revised edition 2000), which defines or prohibits discrimination in employment and occupation, the Committee encourages the Government to include such a provision in the near future and report on measures undertaken towards that end.

3. The Committee notes with interest the provision (section 9(3)) in the Trade Union and Employers’ Organisations (Registration, Recognition and Status) Act, 2000, which prohibits discrimination in trade unions and employers’ organizations inter alia on the grounds set out in the Convention. The Committee hopes that the application of this provision will assist in the promotion of equal opportunities and treatment in employment and occupation.

4. Article 2. The Committee notes with interest the strategic plan entitled “Belize Equity and Equality. Strategic Plan: Facilitating the implementation of a National Gender Management System” dated 14 August 1998 (the “Plan”), which recognizes the need to develop strategies to empower women, and which has increases in “wealth and employment generation opportunities” as a priority area. The Committee further notes that this Plan appears to have been the basis for the drafting of the “National Gender Policy: Belize” (the “Policy”), which the Government mentioned in its report. The Government is asked to provide any further pertinent details as to the Policy, including its stage and means of implementation, any social partners that are involved in its implementation and educational programmes envisaged to secure acceptance and observance of this Policy.

5. The Committee reiterates its request to the Government to provide information as to how its national policy is observed with respect to vocational guidance and training as well as placement services under the direction of the national authority. At the same time, the Committee requests the Government to forward any reports, surveys or other materials relevant to achieving employment equality for women that the Ministry of Human Development, Women and Youth or any other relevant bodies have developed.

6. The Committee notes the Government’s statement that measures to promote equality of opportunity for ethnic minorities including Belizeans and non-Belizeans are included in the Strategic Plan and the Policy mentioned in the previous paragraph. In light of the fact that the Strategic Plan describes its mission as “defining a strategic plan for empowerment of women”, and that it arose out of Belize’s interest in implementing the commitments made at the 1995 Beijing World Conference on Women, the Committee requests clarification of how the Strategic Plan and the Policy, which is based on the Strategic Plan, also promote equality of opportunity on grounds of national extraction. In this connection, the Committee asks the Government to provide any existing specific information regarding efforts, including programmes or policies of public bodies, cooperative efforts with workers’ and employers’ organizations, and any other measures designed to promote equality of opportunity and treatment for various ethnic groups in employment and occupation.

7. Article 3. The Committee notes that a study entitled “Examination of discriminatory behaviours and practices within the educational system” was conducted as a measure “to eliminate any discrimination that might exist against female teachers and girls in education because of pregnancy”. The Committee requests the Government to forward a copy of this report and to provide information regarding responses to it, including initiation of legislative or other efforts to eliminate such discrimination.

8. The Committee notes the information provided as to the technical training programme for women in non-traditional occupations. It requests the Government to provide any further available information on this effort, indicating how many participants are involved and which specific results have been achieved with respect to new positions obtained for the trainees.

9. The Committee notes with interest the reported considerable increase in the number of women being employed in higher-level posts in the public service. The Committee asks the Government to provide any applicable statistics regarding this increase. In addition, the Government is encouraged to provide information on the measures taken or envisaged to increase the opportunities for women to be employed in a wide variety of occupations and sectors outside the public service.

10. Part V of the report form. The Committee is grateful to have received the statistics, disaggregated by ethnicity and sex, regarding employment in the labour force. The Committee notes that the statistics bear out the concern that women in each of the groups appear to be significantly less well represented in employment than their male counterparts, and asks the Government to confirm that it is taking this evidence into account in its efforts to promote equal employment opportunity for women. The Committee asks the Government if it intends to collect and disseminate employment statistics disaggregated by other categories covered by the Convention including race and religion.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2006, published 96th ILC session (2007)

The Committee notes with regret that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

1. Article 1. Noting that article 16(4) of the Constitution provides for certain exceptions to the principle of non-discrimination, the Committee reiterates its request to the Government to provide more detailed information, including laws adopted or copies of administrative or judicial decisions, on the application in practice of these exceptions.

2. Given the absence of any provision in the Labour Act (revised edition 2000), which defines or prohibits discrimination in employment and occupation, the Committee encourages the Government to include such a provision in the near future and report on measures undertaken towards that end.

3. The Committee notes with interest the provision (section 9(3)) in the Trade Union and Employers’ Organisations (Registration, Recognition and Status) Act, 2000, which prohibits discrimination in trade unions and employers’ organizations inter alia on the grounds set out in the Convention. The Committee hopes that the application of this provision will assist in the promotion of equal opportunities and treatment in employment and occupation.

4. Article 2. The Committee notes with interest the strategic plan entitled “Belize Equity & Equality. Strategic Plan: Facilitating the implementation of a National Gender Management System” dated 14 August 1998 (the “Plan”), which recognizes the need to develop strategies to empower women, and which has increases in “wealth and employment generation opportunities” as a priority area. The Committee further notes that this Plan appears to have been the basis for the drafting of the “National Gender Policy: Belize” (the “Policy”), which the Government mentioned in its report. The Government is asked to provide any further pertinent details as to the Policy, including its stage and means of implementation, any social partners that are involved in its implementation and educational programmes envisaged to secure acceptance and observance of this Policy.

5. The Committee reiterates its request to the Government to provide information as to how its national policy is observed with respect to vocational guidance and training as well as placement services under the direction of the national authority. At the same time, the Committee requests the Government to forward any reports, surveys or other materials relevant to achieving employment equality for women that the Ministry of Human Development, Women and Youth or any other relevant bodies have developed.

6. The Committee notes the Government’s statement that measures to promote equality of opportunity for ethnic minorities including Belizeans and non-Belizeans are included in the Strategic Plan and the Policy mentioned in the previous paragraph. In light of the fact that the Strategic Plan describes its mission as “defining a strategic plan for empowerment of women”, and that it arose out of Belize’s interest in implementing the commitments made at the 1995 Beijing World Conference on Women, the Committee requests clarification of how the Strategic Plan and the Policy, which is based on the Strategic Plan, also promote equality of opportunity on grounds of national extraction. In this connection, the Committee asks the Government to provide any existing specific information regarding efforts, including programmes or policies of public bodies, cooperative efforts with workers’ and employers’ organizations, and any other measures designed to promote equality of opportunity and treatment for various ethnic groups in employment and occupation.

7. Article 3. The Committee notes that a study entitled “Examination of discriminatory behaviours and practices within the educational system” was conducted as a measure “to eliminate any discrimination that might exist against female teachers and girls in education because of pregnancy”. The Committee requests the Government to forward a copy of this report and to provide information regarding responses to it, including initiation of legislative or other efforts to eliminate such discrimination.

8. The Committee notes the information provided as to the technical training programme for women in non-traditional occupations. It requests the Government to provide any further available information on this effort, indicating how many participants are involved and which specific results have been achieved with respect to new positions obtained for the trainees.

9. The Committee notes with interest the reported considerable increase in the number of women being employed in higher-level posts in the public service. The Committee asks the Government to provide any applicable statistics regarding this increase. In addition, the Government is encouraged to provide information on the measures taken or envisaged to increase the opportunities for women to be employed in a wide variety of occupations and sectors outside the public service.

10. Part V of the report form. The Committee is grateful to have received the statistics, disaggregated by ethnicity and sex, regarding employment in the labour force. The Committee notes that the statistics bear out the concern that women in each of the groups appear to be significantly less well represented in employment than their male counterparts, and asks the Government to confirm that it is taking this evidence into account in its efforts to promote equal employment opportunity for women. The Committee asks the Government if it intends to collect and disseminate employment statistics disaggregated by other categories covered by the Convention including race and religion.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2005, published 95th ILC session (2006)

The Committee notes that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

1. Article 1. Noting that article 16(4) of the Constitution provides for certain exceptions to the principle of non-discrimination, the Committee reiterates its request to the Government to provide more detailed information, including laws adopted or copies of administrative or judicial decisions, on the application in practice of these exceptions.

2. Given the absence of any provision in the Labour Act (revised edition 2000), which defines or prohibits discrimination in employment and occupation, the Committee encourages the Government to include such a provision in the near future and report on measures undertaken towards that end.

3. The Committee notes with interest the provision (section 9(3)) in the Trade Union and Employers’ Organisations (Registration, Recognition and Status) Act, 2000, which prohibits discrimination in trade unions and employers’ organizations inter alia on the grounds set out in the Convention. The Committee hopes that the application of this provision will assist in the promotion of equal opportunities and treatment in employment and occupation.

4. Article 2. The Committee notes with interest the strategic plan entitled "Belize Equity & Equality. Strategic Plan: Facilitating the implementation of a National Gender Management System" dated 14 August 1998 (the "Plan"), which recognizes the need to develop strategies to empower women, and which has increases in "wealth and employment generation opportunities" as a priority area. The Committee further notes that this Plan appears to have been the basis for the drafting of the "National Gender Policy: Belize" (the "Policy"), which the Government mentioned in its report. The Government is also asked to provide any further pertinent details as to the Policy, including its stage and means of implementation, any social partners that are involved in its implementation and educational programmes envisaged to secure acceptance and observance of this Policy.

5. The Committee reiterates its request to the Government to provide information as to how its national policy is observed with respect to vocational guidance and training as well as placement services under the direction of the national authority. At the same time, the Committee requests the Government to forward any reports, surveys or other materials relevant to achieving employment equality for women that the Ministry of Human Development, Women and Youth or any other relevant bodies have developed.

6. The Committee notes the Government’s statement that measures to promote equality of opportunity for ethnic minorities including Belizeans and non-Belizeans are included in the Strategic Plan and the Policy mentioned in the previous paragraph. In light of the fact that the Strategic Plan describes its mission as "defining a strategic plan for empowerment of women", and that it arose out of Belize’s interest in implementing the commitments made at the 1995 Beijing World Conference on Women, the Committee requests clarification of how the Strategic Plan and the Policy, which is based on the Strategic Plan, also promote equality of opportunity on grounds of national extraction. In this connection, the Committee asks the Government to provide any existing specific information regarding efforts, including programmes or policies of public bodies, cooperative efforts with workers’ and employers’ organizations, and any other measures designed to promote equality of opportunity and treatment for various ethnic groups in employment and occupation.

7. Article 3. The Committee notes that a study entitled "Examination of discriminatory behaviours and practices within the educational system" was conducted as a measure "to eliminate any discrimination that might exist against female teachers and girls in education because of pregnancy". The Committee requests the Government to forward a copy of this report and to provide information regarding responses to it, including initiation of legislative or other efforts to eliminate such discrimination.

8. The Committee notes the information provided as to the technical training programme for women in non-traditional occupations. It requests the Government to provide any further available information on this effort, indicating how many participants are involved and which specific results have been achieved with respect to new positions obtained for the trainees.

9. The Committee notes with interest the reported considerable increase in the number of women being employed in higher-level posts in the public service. The Committee asks the Government to provide any applicable statistics regarding this increase. In addition, the Government is encouraged to provide information on the measures taken or envisaged to increase the opportunities for women to be employed in a wide variety of occupations and sectors outside the public service.

10. Part V of the report form. The Committee is grateful to have received the statistics, disaggregated by ethnicity and sex, regarding employment in the labour force. The Committee notes that the statistics bear out the concern that women in each of the groups appear to be significantly less well represented in employment than their male counterparts, and asks the Government to confirm that it is taking this evidence into account in its efforts to promote equal employment opportunity for women. The Committee asks the Government if it intends to collect and disseminate employment statistics disaggregated by other categories covered by the Convention including race and religion.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2003, published 92nd ILC session (2004)

The Committee notes the information in the Government’s report and accompanying documentation for the period ending May 2003. It thanks the Government for its replies, which partially respond to its previous direct request and the full information provided in reply to its general observation.

1. Article 1. Noting that article 16(4) of the Constitution provides for certain exceptions to the principle of non-discrimination, the Committee reiterates its request to the Government to provide more detailed information, including laws adopted or copies of administrative or judicial decisions, on the application in practice of these exceptions.

2. Given the absence of any provision in the Labour Act (revised edition 2000), which defines or prohibits discrimination in employment and occupation, the Committee encourages the Government to include such a provision in the near future and report on measures undertaken towards that end.

3. The Committee notes with interest the provision (section 9(3)) in the Trade Union and Employers’ Organisations (Registration, Recognition and Status) Act, 2000, which prohibits discrimination in trade unions and employers’ organizations inter alia on the grounds set out in the Convention. The Committee hopes that the application of this provision will assist in the promotion of equal opportunities and treatment in employment and occupation.

4. Article 2. The Committee notes with interest the strategic plan entitled "Belize Equity & Equality. Strategic Plan: Facilitating the implementation of a National Gender Management System" dated 14 August 1998 (the "Plan"), which recognizes the need to develop strategies to empower women, and which has increases in "wealth and employment generation opportunities" as a priority area. The Committee further notes that this Plan appears to have been the basis for the drafting of the "National Gender Policy: Belize" (the "Policy"), which the Government mentioned in its report. The Government is also asked to provide any further pertinent details as to the Policy, including its stage and means of implementation, any social partners that are involved in its implementation and educational programmes envisaged to secure acceptance and observance of this Policy.

5. The Committee reiterates its request to the Government to provide information as to how its national policy is observed with respect to vocational guidance and training as well as placement services under the direction of the national authority. At the same time, the Committee requests the Government to forward any reports, surveys or other materials relevant to achieving employment equality for women that the Ministry of Human Development, Women and Youth or any other relevant bodies have developed.

6. The Committee notes the Government’s statement that measures to promote equality of opportunity for ethnic minorities including Belizeans and non-Belizeans are included in the Strategic Plan and the Policy mentioned in the previous paragraph. In light of the fact that the Strategic Plan describes its mission as "defining a strategic plan for empowerment of women", and that it arose out of Belize’s interest in implementing the commitments made at the 1995 Beijing World Conference on Women, the Committee requests clarification of how the Strategic Plan and the Policy, which is based on the Strategic Plan, also promote equality of opportunity on grounds of national extraction. In this connection, the Committee asks the Government to provide any existing specific information regarding efforts, including programmes or policies of public bodies, cooperative efforts with workers’ and employers’ organizations, and any other measures designed to promote equality of opportunity and treatment for various ethnic groups in employment and occupation.

7. Article 3. The Committee notes that a study entitled "Examination of discriminatory behaviours and practices within the educational system" was conducted as a measure "to eliminate any discrimination that might exist against female teachers and girls in education because of pregnancy". The Committee requests the Government to forward a copy of this report and to provide information regarding responses to it, including initiation of legislative or other efforts to eliminate such discrimination.

8. The Committee notes the information provided as to the technical training programme for women in non-traditional occupations. It requests the Government to provide any further available information on this effort, indicating how many participants are involved and which specific results have been achieved with respect to new positions obtained for the trainees.

9. The Committee notes with interest the reported considerable increase in the number of women being employed in higher-level posts in the public service. The Committee asks the Government to provide any applicable statistics regarding this increase. In addition, the Government is encouraged to provide information on the measures taken or envisaged to increase the opportunities for women to be employed in a wide variety of occupations and sectors outside the public service.

10. Part V. The Committee is grateful to have received the statistics, disaggregated by ethnicity and sex, regarding employment in the labour force. The Committee notes that the statistics bear out the concern that women in each of the groups appear to be significantly less well represented in employment than their male counterparts, and asks the Government to confirm that it is taking this evidence into account in its efforts to promote equal employment opportunity for women. The Committee asks the Government if it intends to collect and disseminate employment statistics disaggregated by other categories covered by the Convention including race and religion.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2002, published 91st ILC session (2003)

The Committee notes the information provided by the Government in its first report as well as the attached legislation.

1. Article 1. Noting that the prohibition and protection against discrimination is largely contained in the Constitution, the Committee would be grateful if the Government would indicate the specific manner in which workers may rely on these constitutional provisions to be protected against discrimination in employment and occupation. Noting also that article 16(4) of the Constitution provides for certain exceptions to the principle of non-discrimination, the Committee requests the Government to provide more detailed information, including laws adopted or copies of administrative or judicial decisions, on the application in practice of the exceptions provided for in subsection 4 of article 16 of the Constitution. Noting also the absence of any provision in the Labour Act (revision of 2000) defining and prohibiting discrimination in employment and occupation, the Committee encourages the Government to include such a provision on the occasion of any future revision of the Act.

2. With respect to discrimination on the basis of political opinion, the Committee notes that section 35(b) of the Public Service Regulations expressly forbids public officers to participate actively on behalf of any party or candidate in any national or municipal election. As this provision could be interpreted in a manner that might restrict considerably the right of public officers to engage in political activities and to express and demonstrate their political opinions, the Committee requests the Government to supply information on the manner in which this provision is applied in practice.

3. Article 2. The Committee understands that a ministry on human development, women and youth is responsible for gender equality issues, and that a national women’s commission operates as the main mechanism for monitoring compliance with the principles of equality and non-discrimination. The Committee also notes that a national strategic plan on gender equity and equality has been launched to promote the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform of Action and that one of the priority areas of the plan is equality in employment. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would supply a copy of the strategic plan and provide information on the measures taken or envisaged, including any reports or surveys, by the abovementioned departments and mechanisms as well as any other relevant bodies to implement the strategic plan with respect to equality in employment and occupation.

4. The Committee understands that Belize is a multi-ethnic society and that the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has estimated that 14 per cent of the population consists of immigrants from neighbouring countries. The Committee notes that the Government has not provided any information on the policies and programmes concerning the equality of opportunity and treatment of the different ethnic minorities in employment and occupation. It would be grateful if the Government would provide detailed information on the measures that have been taken, if any, to promote equality of opportunity and treatment with respect to employment and occupation for ethnic minorities including Belizeans and non-Belizeans on the grounds contained in the Convention.

5. Article 3. The Committee understands from the information provided by the Government in its report to the Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW/C/BEZ/1-2 of 1 November 1997) that teenage mothers are prevented from pursuing their education and that female teachers who are pregnant are susceptible to losing their employment. Considering that this situation may seriously affect women’s educational and economic opportunities, the Committee asks the Government to provide information on the measures taken or envisaged to eliminate any discrimination that might exist against female teachers and girls in education because of pregnancy.

6. The Committee further notes from the CEDAW report that in spite of their higher educational levels, women are less likely to be employed and are concentrated in lower paid jobs. It also notes that a high number of women are employed in the public service, but that only a small number of them take up higher level jobs. Further, the Committee notes that existing technical institutions, such as the Centre for Employment in Belize City, are providing "non-traditional" careers especially related to young women and to people with disabilities under the introduction of a quota system (paragraph 117). The Committee requests the Government to provide more details on the impact of the abovementioned technical training programmes on the employment of women, as well as information on the measures taken or envisaged to increase the opportunities for women to be employed in a wide variety of occupations and sectors, including in higher level posts in the public service.

7. The Committee would be grateful if the Government could provide additional information on: (1) how the Government seeks cooperation with employers’ and workers’ organizations and other bodies to promote the national policy; (2) any educational programmes envisaged to secure the acceptance and observance of the national policy; and (3) how the policy is observed with respect to vocational guidance and training as well as placement services under the direction of the national authority.

8. Article 4. The Committee notes the Government’s statement that the only Act governing the employment and occupation of persons suspected of, or engaged in, activities prejudicial to the State is Convention No. 111. The Government states that according to section 3 of the 1999 International Labour Organization Conventions Act, ILO Conventions shall have force of law in Belize. Persons concerned have the right to appeal to the courts on the basis of Convention No. 111. Please indicate the court to which a person suspected of activities prejudicial to the security of the State would appeal, and provide in future reports any instances in which this Article has been applied.

9. Please provide the information requested in Parts III, IV and V of the report form on the practical application of the Convention. Such information could include statistical data disaggregated by sex, race and ethnicity, reports, guidelines or publications, as well as copies of legislation adopted and administrative and judicial decisions, including by the Office of the Ombudsman and the Human Rights Commission, as well as any other information that may enable the Committee to assess how the provisions of the Convention are applied in practice. Please also provide copies of the Caribbean Community (Free Movement of Skilled Persons) Act (No. 45 of 1999) and the Service Commissions Regulations of 2001.