Observation (CEACR) - adoptée 2018, publiée 108ème session CIT (2019)

Convention (n° 182) sur les pires formes de travail des enfants, 1999 - Botswana (Ratification: 2000)

The Committee notes the observations of the Botswana Federation of Trade Unions (BFTU), received on 1 September 2018.

Articles 3(a) and 6 of the Convention. All forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery and programmes of action. Sale and trafficking of children. The Committee takes due note of the adoption of the Anti-Human Trafficking Act in July 2014, introducing a specific offence of trafficking in persons in the national legislation, as well as the establishment of a Human Trafficking (Prohibition) Committee in 2015. It notes that the perpetrator of trafficking for the purposes of forced labour or exploitation of another person’s prostitution is liable to a term of imprisonment of up to 30 years and/or a fine not exceeding 1 million Botswana pula (approximately US$93,170), pursuant to section 9 of the Anti-Human Trafficking Act. The law provides for the creation of centres for child victims of trafficking, to ensure protection, care, counselling, education and rehabilitation of children (section 18). The Committee notes the Government’s indication in its report that a National Action Plan on human trafficking has been developed. Furthermore, it notes the Government’s indication that the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Strategic Plan on combating trafficking in persons, especially women and children for the 2009–19 period, is being implemented through the SADC Regional Political Cooperation Programme. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) indicates that together with SADC Member States, including Botswana, UNODC has developed an Anti-Trafficking in Persons Data Collection System, to ensure the collection of reliable data on the crime of trafficking in persons.

The Committee notes the observations of the BFTU reporting the continued existence of practices of trafficking in children despite national laws and control measures. The BFTU also states that public education on trafficking and slavery is not adequately done. The Committee urges the Government to strengthen its efforts to ensure the effective application of the Anti-Human Trafficking Act and requests it to provide information in this regard, including the number of infringements reported, investigations, prosecutions, convictions and penalties applied for the sale and trafficking of children under 18 years of age. It also requests the Government to provide information on the adoption and implementation of the National Plan of Action on human trafficking and its impact in terms of the elimination of trafficking in children.

Article 4(1). Determination of hazardous work. The Committee previously noted the Government’s statement that the Tripartite Labour Advisory Board had prepared a draft list of hazardous types of work prohibited to young persons, which was being circulated to the relevant ministries for their endorsement. The Committee accordingly requested the Government to pursue its efforts to ensure the adoption, in the near future, of the list determining the types of hazardous work prohibited to persons under 18 years of age.

The Committee notes with interest the drafting of the list of hazardous types of work by the tripartite constituents, which includes such types of work as: handling and spraying of pesticide and herbicide and the exposure to chemicals, toxic dust, fumes and gases; garbage collecting; the lifting of heavy loads; unsupervised fishing and extraction of water from wells; the brewing of alcoholic beverages; working underground, at night or at heights; and building and construction work. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the incorporation of the list of hazardous types of work into the Employment Act will be considered during the ongoing labour law review process. The Committee expresses the firm hope that the draft list of types of hazardous work prohibited to children under 18 years of age will be adopted in the very near future. It requests the Government to supply a copy of this list, once it is adopted.

Article 7(2). Effective and time-bound measures. Clause (b). Direct assistance for the removal of children from the worst forms of child labour. Child victims of commercial sexual exploitation. In its previous comments, the Committee noted that the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women expressed concern, in its concluding observations of 2010, that women and girls enter into prostitution to support themselves and their families as a result of poverty. It noted that, within the national Action Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (APEC), a total of 1,927 children were prevented and withdrawn from child labour, including from commercial sexual exploitation. The Committee also noted the Government’s statement that children engaged in commercial sexual exploitation are identified as children in need of protection under the Children’s Act of 2009 and that, according to section 54, the Minister shall develop programmes and rehabilitative measures to reintegrate abused or exploited children.

The Committee notes the Government’s statement that children in need of protection can be placed in child welfare institutions, and receive psychosocial support. The Government indicates that, taking into account all forms of vulnerability, there are currently more than 450 children in child welfare institutions. The Government also states that a study on violence against children has recently been completed and that the results will give an indication of the prevalence of violence, in its different forms, among children. The Committee requests the Government to pursue its efforts to remove children engaged in commercial sexual exploitation, and to provide them with the necessary and appropriate direct assistance, pursuant to section 54 of the Children’s Act. It requests the Government to provide information on the number of child victims of commercial sexual exploitation who have been effectively removed, rehabilitated and socially integrated as a result of the measures implemented, including by providing the statistics compiled as a result of the study on violence against children.

The Committee is raising other matters in a request addressed directly to the Government.