Rapport intérimaire - Rapport No. 306, Mars 1997

Cas no 1843 (Soudan) - Date de la plainte: 15-MAI -95 - Clos

Allegations: Violent deaths and arrests of trade unionists, government interference

1. 601. On 15 May 1995, the (legitimate) Federation of Workers' Trade Unions of Sudan (FSTS) lodged a complaint alleging violation of trade union rights against the Government of Sudan. In communications dated 30 December 1995, 2 January, 8 April and 7 May 1996, the complainant organization made new allegations or provided additional information.
2. 602. In communications dated 24 September 1995, 12 February and 16 October 1996, the Government furnished its observations.
3. 603. Sudan has not ratified the Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87); however, it has ratified the Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98).

A. The complainant's allegations

1. 604. In its various communications, the complainant organization summarizes its allegations under three headings. First, it alleges that a large number of trade unionists were dismissed following governmental administrative decisions. More than 95,000 workers allegedly lost their jobs following decisions which could not be appealed. Furthermore, it alleges that many workers were the victims of torture or ill treatment. In support of its allegations, it appends a list of the names of trade unionists who were allegedly dismissed because of their trade union activities and of others who were prevented from the authorities for exercising such activities (Appendix I), as well as a list which contains mainly the names of members of the FSTS who were also allegedly subjected to anti-trade union measures (Appendix II). Finally, it gives the name of trade unions whose officials were allegedly dismissed or prevented from exercising their trade union activities (Appendix III).
2. 605. Secondly, the complainant organization recalls that the abrogation and replacement of the Trade Union Act of 1986 by the 1992 Act resulted in particular in the dissolution of trade unions in existence at that time as well as the arrest and detention of their officials, often accompanied by acts of torture. These arrests took place without any respect of the minimum measures guaranteeing normal judicial proceedings; the trade unionists were arrested without a warrant, held in detention without being informed of the reasons and without being allowed to challenge the legality of their detention before a judicial body. The complainant organization claims that two trade unionists were tortured: Mr. Mohamed Babiki, Secretary-General of the General Trade Union of Employees and engineer Yousif Hussain. Three other trade unionists allegedly died as a result of acts of violence against them: Dr. Ali Fadl, member of the Executive Committee of the Trade Union of Doctors (died in December 1989); Mr. Abdel Moniem Suliman, member of the Executive Committee of the Teachers' Trade Union (died in 1990); and Mr. Abdel Moniem Rahma, member of the Transport Employees' Trade Union, Wad Medani, Gezira (died in 1995).
3. 606. Furthermore, the complainant organization adds that the 1992 Trade Union Act authorizes government interference in trade union affairs. It refers in this connection to the statements by the Secretary-General of the Federation of Workers' Trade Unions of Sudan, Mr. Al-Sadiq Atta el Mannan in which he encourages the defence of the country by all citizens and says that armed workers should participate in this protection. The complainant organization maintains that these statements highlight the close links existing between the Government and this organization, which is a pawn of state power, and emphasizes that the activities of this federation have nothing to do with the normal activities of a central trade union organization or workers' interests.
4. 607. Third, the complainant organization maintains that the appeal body set up by Ministerial Order No. 723 for the re-examination of complaints by workers who believe that they have been unfairly dismissed is yet another example of the stalling tactics adopted by the Government in an attempt to defuse international criticism. The members of this body are officials who do not have the required objectivity and impartiality. Furthermore, they have only an advisory power and therefore are not authorized to order the reinstatement of workers in their workplaces. It seems that no trade union official has so far benefited from a decision recommending reinstatement.
5. 608. The complainant organization concludes by requesting that an ILO direct contact mission be sent to examine in situ the situation of trade unions in Sudan.

B. The Government's reply

1. 609. In its communications, the Government states that no trade unionist is being held in Sudan since the law does not allow arrests to be made based on trade union activities.
2. 610. The Government points out that the persons dismissed may be grouped into three categories: (1) workers who had lost their job following the reorganization or dismantling of enterprises operating at a loss. The Government explains that these job losses occurred as a result of the sale of the enterprise and gives as an example the Sudanese textile industry which has been reorganized in line with the objectives and plans of the new owner; (2) other workers were dismissed following an assessment by the responsible committee which concluded that their performance did not meet the objectives of the enterprises or plants in which they worked; (3) some names mentioned in the lists presented by the complainant organization are employers, and other names are fictitious. Finally, some government institutions have been reorganized, following recommendations made by the World Bank for staff reductions to be made. All the employees affected by the measures have received the full compensation due to them in respect of their termination of employment.
3. 611. As regards Ministerial Order No. 723 adopted on 30 August 1995, the Government recalls that its objective was the establishment of a committee charged with the examination of cases of retirement ordered in the public interest since 30 June 1989. In April 1996, this committee made public the work which had been carried out and the conclusions which it had reached. It had received 3,240 applications for reinstatement, some from outside the country. Seventy-six per cent of the applicants had been reinstated in their workplaces or received an increase in the compensation initially paid at the end of their employment. As regards the cases of dismissal due to the reorganization or sale of a number of public enterprises, the committee concluded that some of the workers concerned should be granted an increase in compensation.

C. The Committee's conclusions

1. 612. The Committee recalls first of all that this case refers to very serious allegations of violations of trade union rights in Sudan, and in particular measures of anti-union reprisals, including the arrest of trade unionists and acts of violence against them. The Committee recalls that it had examined, in March 1994, a complaint against the Government of Sudan which also concerned extremely serious acts of anti-union reprisals (see Case No. 1688, 292nd Report, paras. 411-433). However, it notes with deep concern that the Government has not taken any measures to implement the recommendations made at that time.
2. 613. As regards the mass dismissal of trade unionists and the work carried out by the appeal body set up under Ministerial Order No. 723 dated 30 August 1995, the Committee notes the general information provided by the Government that these job losses were mainly due to the reorganization of certain public enterprises. Furthermore, the Committee notes that according to the Government, more than 76 per cent of the workers who had lodged a complaint with the appeal body had been reinstated in their workplaces or had been granted an increase in the compensation initially paid out at the end of their employment. Furthermore, the appeal body had recommended, in the cases of dismissal due to the reorganization or selling off of public enterprises, an increase in the compensation received. However, the Committee regrets that the Government has not provided any information on the allegations of anti-union measures taken against workers whose names and identification details were transmitted by the complainant organization (Appendices I and II) and on the trade union officials whose names are given in Appendix III. The Committee therefore requests the Government: (a) to state the situation of the workers whose names appear in Appendices I and II of this report and that of trade union officials specifically named in Appendix III and to indicate whether these persons have benefited from the measures recommended by the appeal body; and (b) to specify what action has been given to the recommendations by the appeal body under which it proposes, in the cases of dismissal due to the reorganization or selling off of public enterprises, an increase in the compensation initially paid in respect of the said termination of employment.
3. 614. As regards the very serious allegations of arrest and detention of trade union members, often accompanied by acts of torture, the Committee can only note with grave concern that the Government does not provide any information in this respect and merely states that no trade unionists have been detained because of their trade union activities. The Committee notes however that the organization does not indicate in its communications, with the exception of two cases, the names of the trade unionists allegedly arrested and subjected to ill treatment. In these circumstances, the Committee urges the Government to take the necessary measures to guarantee that trade unionists and trade union officials are not subject to arbitrary arrest, detention and sentencing for exercising their trade union functions or activities in defence of their rights and interests.
4. 615. As regards more particularly the two trade unionists who had been tortured as well as three others who died as a result of acts of violence to which they were allegedly subjected, the Committee deeply regrets the lack of information provided by the Government. It notes, however, that the case of Dr. Ali Fadl, a member of the Executive Committee of the Doctors' Trade Union, who died in December 1989, had already been placed before it. Within the framework of an earlier case against the Government of Sudan in which it was alleged that Dr. Ali Fadl had died as the result of acts of torture, the Committee expressed concern in particular, in 1992, that the Government had not provided additional information and that the matter was still before the judicial authorities. The Committee had at that time emphasized the need, in cases which judicial inquiries connected with the death of trade unionists seemed to be taking a long time to conclude, of proceedings being brought to a speedy conclusion since justice delayed is justice denied (Case No. 1508, 281st Report, paras. 295-310 and 284th Report, paras. 418-442, in particular para. 427).
5. 616. As regards the torture of Mr. Mohamed Babiki and Mr. Yousif Hussain as well as the deaths of Mr. Abdel Moniem Suliman and Mr. Abdel Moniem Rahma allegedly resulting from acts of torture, the Committee recalls the importance that should be attached to the principle laid down in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights according to which no one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The Committee further insists upon the corollary of this principle that all persons deprived of their liberty must be treated with humanity and with respect for the inherent dignity of the human person (see Digest of decisions and principles of the Freedom of Association Committee, 4th (revised) edition, in particular para. 59). Furthermore, the Committee believes, in involving cases of alleged torture or ill treatment, that the Government in question should investigate the complaints and take the necessary measures, including the redress of prejudice suffered and punishment of the guilty parties. The Committee recalls that the absence of judgement against the guilty parties creates, in practice, a situation of impunity, which reinforces the climate of violence and insecurity, and which is extremely damaging to the exercise of trade union rights (see Digest, op. cit., para. 55). The Committee therefore requests the Government: (a) to open an inquiry in order to establish the exact circumstances in which Mr. Mohamed Babiki, Secretary-General of the Employees' General Trade Union, and engineer Yousif Hussain were tortured and the causes of the death of Mr. Abdel Moniem Suliman, member of the Executive Committee of the Teachers' Trade Union (who died in 1990); and Mr. Abdel Moniem Rahma, member of the Transport Employees' Trade Union, Wad Medani, Gezira (who died in 1995); and (b) to take the necessary steps for legal proceedings against those responsible and the redress of the prejudice suffered. The Committee furthermore requests the Government to keep it informed in this respect.
6. 617. Finally, the Committee notes that the Confederation of Workers' Trade Unions of Sudan enjoys a trade union monopoly authorized and established by the 1992 Act (see in particular sections 9(3) and 36 (c) of this Act) and corroborated by the allegations of the complainant organization in this respect. The Committee recalls that it had identified, within the framework of an earlier complaint against the Government of Sudan, provisions of the 1992 Act which are contrary to the principles of freedom of association, and which, in particular, restrict the right to organize of all workers, establish a trade union monopoly and permit interference by the authorities in trade union affairs. Furthermore, the 1992 Act does not grant adequate protection to workers against acts of anti-union discrimination and does not establish any provision for the promotion of voluntary bargaining between employers or their organizations and workers' organizations (see Case No. 1508, 284th Report, in particular paras. 430-441). Like the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations, the Committee requests the Government to review its legislation with regard to the many and serious incompatibilities between the 1992 Trade Union Act and the principles of freedom of association. The Committee once again draws the attention of the Committee of Experts to the legislative aspects of this case as regards the application of Convention No. 98, ratified by Sudan. The Committee requests the Government to keep it informed in this respect.

The Committee's recommendations

1. 618. In the light of the foregoing interim conclusions, the Committee invites the Governing Body to approve the following recommendations:
   • (a) Deeply regretting that the Government has not furnished any precise information on the allegations of anti-union measures allegedly taken against workers whose names and identification details were transmitted by the complainant organization as well as on the trade union officials named by the latter, the Committee requests the Government: (a) to state the situation of the workers whose names appear in Appendices I and II of this report as well as that of the trade union officials whose names are given in Appendix III and to indicate whether these persons have benefited from the measures recommended by the appeal body; and (b) to indicate the action given to the recommendations by the appeal body in which it proposes, in cases of dismissal resulting from the reorganization or selling off of public enterprises, an increase in the compensation initially paid in respect of the said termination of employment.
   • (b) As regards the very serious allegations of arrest and detention of trade union members, the Committee urges the Government to take the necessary measures to guarantee that trade union members and officials are not subjected to measures of arbitrary arrest, detention and sentencing for exercising their trade union functions or activities in defence of their rights and interests.
   • (c) Recalling the importance that should be attached to the principle laid down in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights according to which no one should be subjected to torture and insisting that all persons deprived of their liberty must be treated with humanity and with respect for the inherent dignity of the human person, the Committee requests the Government: (a) to open an inquiry in order to establish the precise circumstances in which Mr. Mohamed Babiki, Secretary-General of the Employees' General Trade Union, and engineer Yousif Hussain were allegedly tortured and the causes of the death of Mr. Abdel Moniem Suliman, member of the Executive Committee of the Teachers' Trade Union (who died in 1990), and Mr. Abdel Moniem Rahma, member of the Transport Employees' Trade Union, Wad Medani, Gezira (who died in 1995); and (b) to take the necessary steps for legal proceedings against the guilty parties and for the redress of the prejudice suffered. Furthermore, the Committee requests the Government to keep it informed in this respect.
   • (d) Noting the many and serious incompatibilities between the 1992 Trade Union Act and the principles of freedom of association, the Committee requests the Government to review its legislation and once again draws the attention of the Committee of Experts to the legislative aspects of this case as regards the application of Convention No. 98, ratified by Sudan. The Committee requests the Government to keep it informed in this respect.

Appendix 1

1. Trade unionists allegedly dismissed for carrying out their union activities or
2. prevented by the authorities from carrying out these activities
3. Names Functions
4. 1. Kamal Hussein
5. Member of the Executive Committee of the Occupational
6. Federation - Textiles Union
7. 2. Sami Hihazi
8. Member of the Executive Committee of the Occupational
9. Federation - Housing Trade Union
10. 3. Hashim Taha El-Mugammar
11. Member of the Executive Committee of the Occupational
12. Federation - Electricity Trade Union
13. 4. Mohamed Ahmed El-Mubarak
14. Member of the Executive Committee of the Occupational
15. Federation - El-Ginaid Sugar Industry Trade Union
16. 5. Salah Hasan
17. Member of the Executive Committee of the Occupational
18. Federation - Textiles Trade Union
19. 6. Awad El-Karim Mohamed
20. Member of the Executive Committee of the Occupational
21. Federation - Engineers' Trade Union
22. 7. Mukhtar Osman
23. Member of the Executive Committee of the Occupational
24. Federation - Engineers' Trade Union
25. 8. Sid Ahmed Abdel Rahim
26. Member of the Executive Committee of the Occupational
27. Federation - Electricity Trade Union
28. 9. Hussein Shagalbat
29. Member of the Executive Committee of the Occupational
30. Federation - Electricity Trade Union
31. 10. Ahmed Mohamed Saleh
32. Member of the Executive Committee of the Occupational
33. Federation - Electricity Trade Union
34. 11. Abdallah Malik
35. Member of the Executive Committee of the Occupational
36. Federation - Federation of Employers
37. 12. Kamal Abdel Karim Merghani
38. Member of the Executive Committee of the Occupational
39. Federation - Federation of Employers
40. 13. Mohamed Wahba
41. Member of the Executive Committee of the Occupational
42. Federation - Federation of Employers
43. 14. Abdoun Abdel Rahim
44. Worker and trade unionist of the National Manufacturing
45. Enterprise
46. 15. Ahmed Abdel Magid
47. Worker and trade unionist of the National Manufacturing
48. Enterprise
49. 16. Usama Merghani
50. Worker and trade unionist of the National Manufacturing
51. Enterprise
52. 17. Haydar Ahmed Saad
53. Worker and trade unionist of the National Manufacturing
54. Enterprise
55. 18. Abdel Wahab Bilal
56. Worker and trade unionist of the National Manufacturing
57. Enterprise
58. 19. Al-Lazim Shadid Mohamed Zein
59. Worker and trade unionist of the National Manufacturing
60. Enterprise
61. 20. Mohamed Ali Adam
62. Worker and trade unionist of the National Manufacturing
63. Enterprise
64. 21. Ahmed Ali Ahmed Saleh El-Masri
65. Worker and trade unionist of the National Manufacturing
66. Enterprise
67. 22. Ammar Abde Khaliq
68. Worker and trade unionist of the National Manufacturing
69. Enterprise
70. 23. Ali Mukhtar Awad
71. President of the Trade Union of the National Rural Water
72. Enterprise Trade Union
73. 24. Umran Abde Aziz
74. Treasurer of the Trade Union of the National Rural Water
75. Enterprise Trade Union
76. 25. Ali Ahmed Omar
77. Member of the Rural Water Enterprise Trade Union
78. 26. Adam Abdallah
79. Member of the Rural Water Enterprise Trade Union
80. 27. Ali Al Hasan Abdel Magid
81. Member of the Rural Water Enterprise Trade Union
82. 28. Mohamed Sharief
83. Member of the Rural Water Enterprise Trade Union
84. 29. Mohamed Sakan
85. Member of the Rural Water Enterprise Trade Union
86. 30. Tarig Mohamed Idris
87. Member of the Rural Water Enterprise Trade Union
88. 31. Usief Khairi
89. President of the Rural Water Enterprise Trade Union
90. 32. Gasam Alla El Tayib
91. Member of the Rural Water Enterprise Trade Union
92. 33. El Shiekh Karkab Idris
93. Member of the Rural Water Enterprise Trade Union
94. 34. Hasan Abdel Latif
95. Member of the Rural Water Enterprise Trade Union
96. 35. Bashier Ali Osman
97. Member of the Rural Water Enterprise Trade Union
98. 36. Hasan Ibrahim
99. Member of the Executive Committee of the Rural Water
100. Enterprise Trade Union, Medani
101. 37. Ms. Alawiya El Hag Hashim
102. Member of the Rural Water Enterprise Trade Union, Medani
103. 38. Osman Hasan El Tayib
104. Member of the Rural Water Enterprise Trade Union, Medani
105. 39. Kamal Zein Al Abdin
106. Member of the Rural Water Enterprise Trade Union, Medani
107. 40. Al Mahi Abdallah Ali
108. Member of the Rural Water Enterprise Trade Union, Medani
109. 41. Bashier Ali Osman
110. Member of the Rural Water Enterprise Trade Union, Medani
111. 42. Abdel Khalig Saeed
112. Member of the Rural Water Enterprise Trade Union, Medani
113. 43. Al Ebaid Ibrahim El Sayid
114. Member of the Rural Water Enterprise Trade Union, Medani
115. 44. Saleh Eissa
116. Member of the Rural Water Enterprise Trade Union, Medani
117. 45. Ibrahim Mohamed Ahmed
118. 46. Ibrahim Nasr
119. 47. Abu Nab
120. 48. Emanuel Doko Joseph
121. 49. Saddig Sid Ahmed Al-Shami
122. 50. Farouk Mohamed Ibrahim
123. 51. Sayed Ahmed Abdel Rahim
124. 52. Badr Eldin Abdel Tam
125. 53. Hamouda Fathel Rahman
126. 54. Kamal Al Rashid
127. 55. Tariq Ismail
128. 56. Neola Jordon
129. 57. Mukhtar Mohamed
130. 58. Abdel Wahab Gas El Seed
131. 59. Mohamed El Khidr Dafalla
132. 60. Shihab Ahmed Gaffar
133. 61. Mohamed El Sayed Sa'lam
134. 62. Hayder Zein El Abdien
135. 63. Abdel Wahab Senada
136. 64. Al Sir Atai
137. 65. Yahia Senada
138. 66. Hafez Ismail
139. 67. Salah Hassan
140. 68. Imadd Adam Babikir
141. 69. Mohamed Mustafa Al-Houri
142. 70. Rashid Sayed Ahmed
143. 71. Hassan Saeed Ahmed
144. 72. Hamza Sir El Khatim
145. 73. Khieri Mohamed Khier
146. Appendix 2
147. Members of the FSTS allegedly subjected to anti-union measures
148. Names Functions
149. 1. Mohamed Osman Gama'a President of the FSTS
150. 2. Mahagoub Ahmed Al-Zubeir Vice-President of the FSTS
151. 3. Al-Tahir Al-Ragig FSTS official - President
152. of the Teachers' Trade Union
153. 4. Mohmed H. Al-Amin FSTS official - President of
154. the Textile Trade Union
155. 5. Ali Abd Alla Al-Seimat FSTS official - President of
156. the Rail Industry Trade Union
157. 6. Nasr M. Nasr FSTS official - President of
158. the Transport Trade Union
159. 7. Al-Shiek Mohmed Al-Imam FSTS official - Secretary of
160. the Transport Trade Union
161. 8. Yahia Ali Abd Alla Vice-President of the FSTS
162. President of the Window-
163. building Workers' Trade Union 9. Mohmed M.
164. Tom FSTS official - President of
165. the River Transport Trade Union
166. 10. Osman Sulieman FSTS official
167. 11. Al-Haj Osman Al-Hassan FSTS official - Secretary of
168. the Local Government
169. Employees' Trade Union
170. 12. Nour El-Din Garad Member of the Local Government
171. Employees' Trade Union
172. 13. Siddiq Shamoun FSTS official - President of
173. the Road Transport Trade Union
174. 14. Ali Al-Mahi Al-Sakhi President of the Central
175. Federation of Workers
176. 15. Yousif Abu Shama Secretary General of the FSTS
177. 16. Hasab Alla M. Hassan FSTS official - President of
178. the Oil Industry Trade Union
179. 17. El-Tigani Dawod FSTS official
180. 18. Akasha Abdel Rahaman FSTS official
181. 19. Atta Mohamed Ahmed FSTS official - Secretary of
182. the Tourist Industry Trade
183. Union
184. 20. Gabriel Awad Al-Faki President of the Private
185. Sector Textile Workers' Trade
186. Union
187. 21. Hassan Khalid FSTS official - Secretary of
188. the Textile Industry Trade
189. Union
190. 22. Siddiq Yahia FSTS official - Secretary of
191. the Housing Trade Union
192. 23. Abdel Atti Mohmed Khir President of the Oil Industry
193. Trade Union, Port Sudan
194. 24. John Makam FSTS official - Vice-President
195. of the Window-building
196. Workers' Trade Union
197. 25. Abdalla Musa President of the Textile
198. Industry, Port Sudan
199. 26. Saudi Darag Member of the Executive
200. Committee of the Window-
201. building Workers' Trade Union
202. 27. Mustafa Abada FSTS official - Member of the
203. River Transport Trade Union
204. 28. Abdel Wahab Abdel Gani Member of the Rail Industry
205. Trade Union
206. 29. Mohmed Al-Hassan Ibrahim Member of the Executive
207. (CONTROL) Committee of the Rail Industry
208. Trade Union
209. 30. Ali Isielat Member of the Executive
210. Committee of the Rail Industry
211. Trade Union
212. 31. Min Alla Abdel Wahab FSTS official - Secretary of
213. Textile Industry Trade Union,
214. Khartoum North
215. 32. Osman Hassan Shankal Member of the Rail Industry
216. Trade Union
217. 33. Ibrahim Obeid Alla President of the Rail Industry
218. Trade Union
219. 34. Mahgoub Sid Ahmed Member of the Electricity
220. Industry Trade Union
221. 35. Mohmed Aidarous Member of the Rail Industry
222. Trade Union
223. 36. Mohmed Abdalla Salih Member of the Rail Industry
224. Trade Union, Khartoum
225. 37. El-Haj El-Tom El-Hassan Member of the Rail Industry
226. Trade Union
227. 38. Awad Elkarim Ikleit Member of the Rail Industry
228. Trade Union, Khartoum
229. 39. Ms. Ha'd Elraid Al-Mahi Secretary of the Textile
230. Industry Trade Union, Khartoum
231. North
232. 40. Kamil Abdel Rahaman Secretary of the Textile
233. Industry Trade Union, Khartoum
234. North
235. 41. Osman Adlan Secretary of the Textile
236. Industry Trade Union, Khartoum
237. North
238. 42. Badr Eldin Abdel Tam Federation of Trade Unions
239. 43. Sid Ahmed Abdel Rahaman Trade Union of Electricity
240. Engineers, Khartoum
241. 44. Hamouda Fath El-Rahaman Association of Doctors
242. 45. Mohmed Al-Khidr Dafalla Nursing Workers' Trade Union
243. 46. Mohmed El-Said Salam Bank Employees' Trade Union
244. 47. Abdel Wahab Sinada Association of Doctors
245. 48. Salah Hassan Bank Employees' Trade Union
246. 49. Kamal Hassan Rail Industry Employees' Trade
247. Union
248. 50. Mohmed Mustafa El-Hori Secretary of the Transport
249. Industry Trade Union and
250. Assistant Secretary of the
251. Federation of Trade Unions
252. 51. Emad Adam Babikr Secretary of the Catering
253. Industry Trade Union
254. 52. Mohmed Babikr Mukhtar Secretary of the General Trade
255. Union of Employees and
256. Professional Workers
257. 53. Omer Ahmed El-Amin Secretary of the Bank
258. Employees' Trade Union
259. 54. Rashid Sid Ahmed Member of the Transport
260. Industry Trade Union
261. 55. Hayder Zein Al-Abdeen FSTS official, Member of the
262. Defence Workers' Trade Union,
263. Khartoum
264. 56. Hayder Bashir Member of the Health Service
265. Employees' Trade Union
266. 57. Ahmed Adam Boni Member of the Trade Union of
267. Engineering Enterprises,
268. Khartoum
269. 58. Abdel Wahid Gasm El-Saeed Member of the Trade Union of
270. Workers of Sudan, Atbara
271. 59. Abdel Gafar Al-Fagi Member of the Trade Union of
272. Workers of Sudan, Atbara
273. 60. El-Haj Osman Haroon Member of the Trade Union of
274. Workers of Sudan, Atbara
275. 61. El'Naim Elshiek Member of the Trade Union of
276. Workers of Sudan, Atbara
277. 62. Mohmed Fasl Elbari Member of the Trade Union of
278. Workers of Sudan, Atbara
279. 63. Abdel Rahm Omer Yousif Member of the Trade Union of
280. Workers of Sudan, Atbara
281. 64. Salah Falolah Member of the Trade Union of
282. Workers of Sudan, Atbara
283. 65. Abdelaziz Ahmed Dafalla Insurance Industry Trade Union,
284. private sector
285. 66. Mohmed Alkhidr Gafar Local council employees,
286. Khartoum North
287. 67. Shehab Ahmed Gafar Health Employees' Trade Union,
288. Omudurman Hospital
289. 68. Khaes Koko Sata Enterprise, Khartoum North
290. 69. Faisal Ibrahim Official of the Health
291. Employees' Trade Union
292. 70. Dr. Magedi Mahamadani Association of Doctors
293. 71. Omer El-Mukhtar Member of the Window-building
294. Workers' Trade Union, Khartoum
295. North
296. 72. Gassim Amiro
297. 73. Ali Khalifa
298. 74. Carlo Alia
299. 75. Maghoud Sid Ahmed
300. 76. Abdel Khier Abdalla
301. Appendix 3
302. Trade unions whose members were allegedly subjected to anti-union measures
303. 1. Trade Union of Agricultural Employees - Montagnes Nuba Enterprise
304. 2. Trade Union of Agricultural Employees - White Nile
305. 3. Trade Union of Agricultural Employees - Blue Nile
306. 4. Trade Union of Agricultural Employees - Al Sooki
307. 5. Trade Union of Agricultural Employees - Rahad Project
308. 6. Trade Union of Agricultural Employees - Zaidad Project
309. 7. Trade Union of Telecommunication Employees
310. 8. Trade Union of Tannery Employees of the White Nile
311. 9. Trade Union of Tannery Employees of the Blue Nile
312. 10. Trade Union of Tannery Employees of Khartoum
313. 11. Trade Union of Tannery Employees of Port Sudan
314. 12. Trade Union of Employees in the Spinning Industry of Port Sudan
315. 13. Trade Union of Employees in the Abu Niam Kenaf Project
316. 14. Trade Union in the Publishing Industry of the Blue Nile
317. 15. Trade Union of the Port Sudan Red Sea Hotel
318. 16. Trade Union of the Khartoum Friendship Hotel
319. 17. Trade Union of the Sudan Hotel