Rapport intérimaire - Rapport No. 404, Octobre 2023

Cas no 3184 (Chine) - Date de la plainte: 15-FÉVR.-16 - Actif

Allegations: Arrest and detention of eight advisers and paralegals who have provided support services to workers and their organizations in handling individual and/or collective labour disputes, as well as police interference in industrial labour disputes

1. 208. The Committee last examined this case (submitted in February 2016) at its March 2023 meeting, when it presented an interim report to the Governing Body [see 401st Report, paras 270–297, approved by the Governing Body at its 347th Session (March 2023)]. 
2. 209. The Government forwarded its observations in a communication dated 13 September 2023.
3. 210. China has not ratified either the Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87), or the Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98).

A. Previous examination of the case

1. 211. At its March 2023 meeting, the Committee made the following recommendations [see 401st Report, para. 297]:
   • (a) The Committee once again requests the Government to confirm Mr Meng is not being prosecuted on charges of “picking quarrels and provoking trouble” and that he is no longer under any measure of supervision by the authorities.
   • (b) The Committee once again urges the Government to transmit without further delay copies of judicial decisions in the cases of Messrs Meng, Wu Lijie, Zhang Zhiyu, Jian Hui, Wu Guijun, He Yuancheng, Song Jiahui, Yang Zhengjun, Wei Zhili, Ke Chengbing, Mi Jiuping, Liu Penghua, Yu Juncong and Li Zhan.
   • (c) The Committee urges the Government to take all steps, with the technical assistance of the Office, to facilitate constructive and inclusive dialogue with the social partners with a view to ensuring complete respect for freedom of association, including the right of workers to establish organizations of their own choosing, in particular, the effective possibility of forming, in a climate of full security, organizations independent both of those which exist already and of any political party, and to ensure the right to peaceful demonstration for workers and employers. It requests the Government to indicate all measures taken or envisaged in this respect.
   • (d) The Committee once again urges the Government to transmit a copy of the investigation report into the allegations of harsh treatment of the labour activists while in custody which had revealed that Mr Zeng and others were not subject to cruel treatment while in detention.
   • (e) The Committee urges the Government to provide information on all measures taken or envisaged to ensure adequate protection against anti-union discrimination in law and in practice, to provide a copy of the report on the outcome of the above-mentioned investigation (cases of Messrs Liu and Yu) and detailed information on the alleged dismissals of Messrs Mi Jiuping, Li Zhan, Song Yiao, Kuang Hengshu, Zhang Baoyan and Chang Zhongge.
   • (f) The Committee once again urges the Government to submit a detailed reply on each of the allegations of arrests, detention, ill-treatment and disappearance of labour activists and their supporters, as set out in Appendix I, as well as criminal charges laid against some and sanctions imposed. The Committee requests the Government to provide information regarding Mr Wang Ji’ao, mentioned in Appendix II.
   • (g) In view of the arbitrary nature of Mr Wang’s detention for allegedly advocating for workers’ rights in an environment where, as previously concluded by the Committee, the exercise of freedom of association is severely restricted in law and in practice, and in view of the absence of any information on the part of the Government, the Committee urges the Government to ensure the immediate release of this labour activist and to provide detailed observations on the ITUC allegations, including on the situation of Ms Hiang Xueqin.
   • (h) The Committee expects the Government to make additional efforts necessary to submit the remaining information requested without further delay so that the Committee will have available to it all necessary information to examine this case in full knowledge of the facts and once again invites the Government to accept a direct contacts mission to understand better the situation on the ground and resolve any pending matters.
   • (i) The Committee expresses its concern that the facts of this case, under examination since October 2016, indicate a systemic problem which has been seen to have had an impact on workers’ freedom of association by virtue of the numerous persons arrested, disappeared, and intimidated for having tried to defend workers’ collective interests and for whom the Government has consistently failed to provide the detailed information requested by the Committee, including as to whether charges are still pending against any of the labour activists and on the steps taken to ensure complete respect for freedom of association In light of the persistent failure by the Government to provide detailed information on the above and to take steps to address the Committee’s longstanding recommendations, the Committee finds itself obliged to draw the Governing Body’s attention to the serious and urgent nature of this case.

B. The Government’s reply

1. 212. In its communication dated 13 September 2023, the Government recalls that it had previously pointed out that the period of obtaining a guarantor pending trial for Mr Meng Han has expired on 7 October 2020. Mr Meng Han has effectively met all the obligations during the period of obtaining a guarantor pending trial and the public security organ has lifted the measure imposed on him. His identity document has not been seized.
2. 213. The Government further reiterates that on 27 July 2018, the public security organ in Shenzhen City of Guangdong Province lawfully summoned Mr Lan Zhiwei and Ms Zhang Zeying, both suspected of committing a crime, and the next day imposed on them a measure of criminal detention. On 27 August, the measure was changed to one of obtaining a guarantor pending trial, which was lifted upon expiration. On 3 January 2019, the public security organ in Guangzhou City of Guangdong Province lawfully summoned Mr Li Yuanzhu, also suspected of committing a crime, and imposed on him the measure of criminal detention. On 30 January, the measure was changed to one of obtaining a guarantor pending trial, which was lifted upon expiration. Ms Zhang Zeying, and Messrs Lan Zhiwei and Li Yuangzhu have not consequently been prosecuted and criminally penalized. All of them now live and work normally.
3. 214. The Government indicates that it is making efforts to gather information on other relevant persons and that further information, if available, will be timely provided to the Committee. The Government reiterates that the national Constitution and legislation guarantees the citizens the right to freedom of association. However, Chinese citizens and organizations, like those of any other nations, shall abide by relevant provisions of national laws in exercising the aforementioned right. The persons mentioned in this case were investigated and punished not for establishing trade unions or participating in trade union activities, but for using illegal means in the process of dealing with labour disputes and violating relevant provisions of the Criminal Law. The courts and public security organs of China handle these cases in strict accordance with the procedures established by the laws and the legal rights of the persons involved are effectively safeguarded. The Government indicates its willingness to maintain communication with the ILO in this regard.

C. The Committee’s conclusions

1. 215. The Committee recalls that this case, lodged in February 2016, concerns allegations of arrest and detention on charges of “gathering a crowd to disturb public order” of advisers and paralegals who have provided support services to workers and their organizations in handling individual and/or collective labour disputes.
2. 216. The Committee recalls, in particular, that Mr Meng, one of the advisers, was allegedly under police surveillance to prevent him from assuming his role as a worker activist following his release from prison. As the Government continues to reiterate that the public security has lifted the measure imposed upon him, the Committee firmly expects that this is to be understood as the Government’s confirmation that he is no longer being prosecuted for “picking quarrels and provoking trouble”, charges initially brought against him, and that he is no longer under any measure of supervision by the authorities.
3. 217. The Committee once again observes with deep regret that no information has been provided by the Government in relation to the whereabouts, charges, judgments, or convictions of any of those individuals mentioned in Appendix I, as previously requested. The Committee finds itself bound to once again urge the Government to submit a detailed reply on each of the allegations of arrests, detention, ill-treatment and disappearance of labour activists and their supporters, as set out in Appendix I, as well as criminal charges laid against some and sanctions imposed. As regards Appendix II, while noting that the Government reiterates the information it had already provided in respect of Ms Zhang Zeying, and Messrs Lan Zhiwei and Li Yuanzhu, the three workers whose names were mentioned in Appendix II (list of individuals detained or disappeared submitted by the ITUC in its communication dated 11 February 2020), and for which the Committee is no longer awaiting information, the Committee regrets that the Government has yet to provide information regarding Mr Wang Ji’ao and requests it to provide full particulars on his situation.
4. 218. The Committee recalls that it had previously urged the Government to transmit a copy of all relevant judicial decisions in the cases of Messrs Meng, Wu Lijie (convicted of the crime of illegal business operation and sentenced to three years’ imprisonment and a fine of 30,000 Chinese yuan renminbi on 13 November 2019), Zhang Zhiyu, Jian Hui, Wu Guijun, He Yuancheng, Song Jiahui (all five were convicted of the crime of assembling crowds to disturb public order and sentenced to various terms of probation on 24 April 2020), Yang Zhengjun, Wei Zhili, Ke Chengbing (all three were tried on 24 April 2020 on suspicion of provocative offences and sentenced to one year and six months of imprisonment with a three-year probation term), Mi Jiuping, Liu Penghua, Yu Juncong and Li Zhan (all four were sentenced, in April 2019, to one year and six months imprisonment with a three-year probation for the crime of assembling crowds to disrupt public order). While the Committee appreciates the Government’s indication of its willingness to maintain communication with the ILO on these matters, it must once again note with deep regret that the Government has not provided copies of the relevant judicial decisions requested. The Committee therefore once again recalls that in cases where the complainants alleged that trade union leaders or workers had been arrested for trade union activities, and the governments’ replies amounted to general denials of the allegation or were simply to the effect that the arrests were made for subversive activities, for reasons of internal security or for common law crimes, the Committee has always followed the rule that the governments concerned should be requested to submit further and as precise information as possible concerning the arrests, particularly in connection with the legal or judicial proceedings instituted as a result thereof and the result of such proceedings, in order to be able to make a proper examination of the allegations. The Committee further recalls that in many cases, it has asked the governments concerned to communicate the texts of any judgments that have been delivered together with the grounds adduced therefor [see Compilation of decisions of the Committee on Freedom of Association, sixth edition, 2018, paras 178–179]. Observing once again the general nature of the accusations against the above labour activists, the Committee once again urges the Government to transmit without further delay copies of the judicial decisions in the cases of Messrs Meng, Wu Lijie, Zhang Zhiyu, Jian Hui, Wu Guijun, He Yuancheng, Song Jiahui, Yang Zhengjun, Wei Zhili, Ke Chengbing, Mi Jiuping, Liu Penghua, Yu Juncong and Li Zhan.
5. 219. The Committee further recalls that it had requested the Government to transmit a copy of the investigation report into the allegations of harsh treatment of the labour activists while in custody which had revealed that Mr Zeng and others were not subject to cruel treatment while in detention. Once again noting with regret the absence of any information in this respect, the Committee is obliged to reiterate its previous request. The Committee expects the Government to transmit a copy of the investigation report to which it had previously referred without further delay.
6. 220. With regard to its previous recommendation regarding the dismissal of workers from the Shenzhen Jasic Technology Co. Ltd, the Committee notes with regret that the Government provides no information on measures taken or envisaged to ensure adequate protection against anti-union discrimination in law and in practice, nor on the alleged dismissals of Messrs Mi Jiuping, Li Zhan, Song Yiao, Kuang Hengshu, Zhang Baoyan and Chang Zhongge. The Committee further notes with regret that the Government does not provide a copy of the report on the outcome of the investigation involving Messrs Liu Penghua and Yu Juncong. The Committee reiterates its previous request and urges the Government to provide the information without further delay.
7. 221. The Committee further recalls that it had previously noted the complainant’s general allegation that it was not possible for workers and labour activists to participate in a legitimate strike or demonstration without violating the law that prohibits the disturbance of public order; and that it was common for the prosecutor and the court to view industrial action taken by workers as public security violations rather than as the exercise of fundamental rights. The Committee had noted the Government’s general observation that the Law on Assemblies, Processions and Demonstrations was a special law that regulated the demonstrations of Chinese citizens enacted to serve two purposes: (1) safeguard citizens’ exercise of their right to assembly, procession and demonstration according to law; and (2) maintain social stability and public order. The Committee observed that while some of the specific requirements relating to demonstration would clearly be in conformity with the principles of freedom of association (such as the ban on weapons, controlled cutting tools or explosives and the use of violence), several others appeared quite broad in nature and their implementation could give rise to a violation of freedom of association. In particular, the Committee observed with concern the Government’s indication that no citizen shall, in a city other than their place of residence, start, organize or participate in an assembly, a procession or a demonstration of local citizens. Recalling that workers should enjoy the right to peaceful demonstration to defend their occupational interests [see Compilation, para. 208], the Committee considered that this geographical restriction placed by legislation on the right to demonstrate is not in conformity with the freedom of peaceful assembly and requested the Government to indicate all steps taken to facilitate constructive and inclusive dialogue with the social partners with a view to ensuring complete respect for freedom of association and to ensure the right to peaceful demonstration for workers and employers. The Committee had further recalled that the right of workers to establish organizations of their own choosing implied, in particular, the effective possibility of forming, in a climate of full security, organizations independent both of those which exist already and of any political party and once again calls upon the Government to ensure this right for all workers. The Committee regrets that once again the Government’s reply is limited to the indication that the constitution and the laws of the country fully guarantee the freedom of association to its citizens, but points out that like in any other nation, the Chinese workers and their organizations shall abide by the relevant provisions of national laws. The Committee therefore once again urges the Government to take all steps, with the technical assistance of the Office, to facilitate constructive and inclusive dialogue with the social partners with a view to ensuring complete respect for freedom of association, including the right of workers to establish organizations of their own choosing, which implies, in particular, the effective possibility of forming, in a climate of full security, organizations independent both of those which exist already and of any political party, and to ensure the right to peaceful demonstration for workers and employers. It requests the Government to indicate all measures taken or envisaged in this respect.
8. 222. The Committee recalls the ITUC allegation of a near complete absence of civic space for independent public advocacy or collective labour actions in China exacerbated by digital surveillance and stringent restrictions on suppression of civil liberties and freedom of expression and against this background, of the arrest of labour activist Mr Wang Jiangbing and Ms Hiang Xueqin on 19 September 2021. In view of the arbitrary nature of Mr Wang’s detention for allegedly advocating for workers’ rights in an environment where the exercise of freedom of association is severely restricted in law and in practice, the Committee urged the Government to ensure the immediate release of this labour activist and to provide detailed observations on the ITUC allegations, including on the situation of Ms Hiang Xueqin. Deeply regretting the absence of any information in this respect in the Government’s reply, the Committee is bound to reiterate its previous request.
9. 223. The Committee had previously recalled that such grave allegations as examined in this case figure among the terms set out in paragraph 54 of the special procedures for the examination in the International Labour Organization of complaints alleging violations of freedom of association. The Committee once again expresses its concern that the facts of this case, under examination since October 2016, indicate a systemic problem which has been seen to have had an impact on workers’ freedom of association by virtue of the numerous persons arrested, disappeared, and intimidated for having tried to defend workers’ collective interests and for whom the Government has consistently failed to provide the detailed information requested by the Committee, including as to whether charges are still pending against any of the labour activists and on the steps taken to ensure complete respect for freedom of association. In light of the persistent failure by the Government to provide detailed information on the above and to take steps to address the Committee’s long-standing recommendations, the Committee finds itself once again obliged to draw the Governing Body’s attention to the serious and urgent nature of this case. The Committee expects the Government to make additional efforts to submit the remaining information requested without further delay so that the Committee will have available to it all necessary information to examine this case in full knowledge of the facts and once again invites the Government to accept a direct contacts mission to understand better the situation on the ground and resolve any pending matters.

The Committee’s recommendations

1. 224. In the light of its foregoing interim conclusions, the Committee invites the Governing Body to approve the following recommendations:
   • (a) The Committee once again urges the Government to submit a detailed reply on each of the allegations of arrests, detention, ill-treatment and disappearance of labour activists and their supporters, as set out in Appendix I, as well as criminal charges laid against some and sanctions imposed. The Committee requests the Government to provide full particulars regarding Mr Wang Ji’ao, mentioned in Appendix II.
   • (b) The Committee once again urges the Government to transmit without further delay copies of judicial decisions in the cases of Messrs Meng, Wu Lijie, Zhang Zhiyu, Jian Hui, Wu Guijun, He Yuancheng, Song Jiahui, Yang Zhengjun, Wei Zhili, Ke Chengbing, Mi Jiuping, Liu Penghua, Yu Juncong and Li Zhan.
   • (c) The Committee expects the Government to transmit without further delay a copy of the investigation report into the allegations of harsh treatment of the labour activists while in custody which had revealed that Mr Zeng and others were not subject to cruel treatment while in detention.
   • (d) The Committee urges the Government to provide without further delay information on all measures taken or envisaged to ensure adequate protection against anti-union discrimination in law and in practice, to provide a copy of the report on the outcome of the above-mentioned investigation (cases of Messrs Liu Penghua and Yu Juncong) and detailed information on the alleged dismissals of Messrs Mi Jiuping, Li Zhan, Song Yiao, Kuang Hengshu, Zhang Baoyan and Chang Zhongge.
   • (e) The Committee once again urges the Government to take all steps, with the technical assistance of the Office, to facilitate constructive and inclusive dialogue with the social partners with a view to ensuring complete respect for freedom of association, including the right of workers to establish organizations of their own choosing, which implies, in particular, the effective possibility of forming, in a climate of full security, organizations independent both of those which exist already and of any political party, and to ensure the right to peaceful demonstration for workers and employers. It requests the Government to indicate all measures taken or envisaged in this respect.
   • (f) In view of the arbitrary nature of Mr Wang’s detention for allegedly advocating for workers’ rights in an environment where, as previously concluded by the Committee, the exercise of freedom of association is severely restricted in law and in practice, and in view of the absence of any information on the part of the Government, the Committee urges the Government to ensure the immediate release of this labour activist and to provide detailed observations on the ITUC allegations, including on the situation of Ms Hiang Xueqin.
   • (g) The Committee expects the Government to make additional efforts necessary to submit the remaining information requested without further delay so that the Committee will have available to it all necessary information to examine this case in full knowledge of the facts and once again invites the Government to accept a direct contacts mission to understand better the situation on the ground and resolve any pending matters.
   • (h) The Committee expresses its concern that the facts of this case, under examination since October 2016, indicate a systemic problem which has been seen to have had an impact on workers’ freedom of association by virtue of the numerous persons arrested, disappeared, and intimidated for having tried to defend workers’ collective interests and for whom the Government has consistently failed to provide the detailed information requested by the Committee, including as to whether charges are still pending against any of the labour activists and on the steps taken to ensure complete respect for freedom of association. In light of the persistent failure by the Government to provide detailed information on the above and to take steps to address the Committee’s long-standing recommendations, the Committee finds itself obliged to draw the Governing Body’s attention to the serious and urgent nature of this case.

Appendix I

1. 1. Mr Mi Jiuping: the technology company worker, detained since July 2018, charged with “gathering a crowd to disrupt social order”. He is being held at the Shenzhen Municipal No. 2 Detention Centre. Mi’s first two lawyers were forced to withdraw from his case. On 1 October 2018, a request by a new lawyer to meet with Mi was denied on the grounds that Mi’s case involved state secrets. Not reachable.
2. 2. Mr Yu Juncong: the technology company worker, detained since July 2018, charged with “gathering a crowd to disrupt social order”. He is being held at the Shenzhen Municipal No. 2 Detention Centre. After meeting with Yu on 30 August 2018, Yu’s lawyer was pressured to withdraw from the case. Yu’s requests for a meeting with his new lawyer have not been accepted after 30 August 2018. Not reachable.
3. 3. Mr Liu Penghua: the technology company worker, detained since July 2018, charged with “gathering a crowd to disrupt social order”. He is being held at the Shenzhen Municipal No. 2 Detention Centre. Liu told a lawyer who met with him in September 2018 that he had been beaten. Further requests to meet with his lawyer have been denied. Not reachable.
4. 4. Mr Li Zhan: former technology company worker and worker supporter, detained since July 2018, charged with “gathering a crowd to disrupt social order”. He is being held at the Shenzhen Municipal No. 2 Detention Centre. After meeting with Li on 18 September 2018, Li’s lawyer was pressured to withdraw from his case. Not reachable.
5. 5. Ms Shen Mengyu: graduate of Sun Yat-sen University. Arrested for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
6. 6. Ms Yue Xin: graduate of Peking University, forcibly disappeared on 24 August 2018. Arrested for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
7. 7. Ms Gu Jiayue: graduate of Peking University, taken from her home on 24 August 2018, charged with “picking quarrels and provoking trouble” and is being held under “residential surveillance at a designated place”. Arrested for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
8. 8. Mr Xu Zhongliang: graduate of University of Science and Technology Beijing, detained since 24 August 2018, charged with “picking quarrels and provoking trouble” and is being held under “residential surveillance at a designated place”. Arrested for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
9. 9. Mr Zheng Yongming: graduate of Nanjing Agricultural University, detained since 24 August 2018, charged with “picking quarrels and provoking trouble” and is being held under “residential surveillance at a designated place”. Arrested for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
10. 10. Mr Shang Kai: editor of a leftist media website Hongse Cankao, taken away by Guangdong police on 24 August 2018 from the office of Hongse Cankao. Still missing.
11. 11. Mr Fu Changguo: staff member of a workers’ centre, Dagongzhe, detained since August 2018, charged with “gathering a crowd to disrupt social order”. Unable to identify where he was detained since his arrest. Denied access to lawyers and his family.
12. 12. Mr Yang Shaoqiang: graduate of University of Science and Technology Beijing, taken from his home in August 2018, charged with “picking quarrels and provoking trouble”. Whereabouts unknown. No further information.
13. 13. Mr Tang Jialiang: postgraduate student at Beijing Institute of Technology, forcibly disappeared since early September 2018. Still missing.
14. 14. Mr Zhang Shengye: graduate of Peking University, taken from campus and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. Arrested for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
15. 15. Ms Sun Min: graduate of Peking University, taken away in Guangzhou and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. Arrested for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
16. 16. Mr Zong Yang: graduate of Peking University, taken away in Beijing and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. Arrested for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
17. 17. Mr Liang Xiaogang: worker supporter, taken away in Shanghai and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018.
18. 18. Mr Tang Xiangwei: worker supporter, taken away by police in Wuhan for supporting Jasic workers and forcibly disappeared on 11 November 2018. No further information.
19. 19. Mr Zheng Shiyou: worker supporter, taken away in Wuhan on 11 November 2018. Arrested for inciting subversion of state power. No indictment. Not reachable.
20. 20. Ms Zheng Yiran: graduate of Beijing Language and Culture University, taken away in Beijing and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. Arrested for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
21. 21. Mr Lu Daxing: graduate of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, taken away in Beijing and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. Arrested for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
22. 22. Ms Li Xiaoxian: graduate of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, taken away in Beijing and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. Arrested for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
23. 23. Mr He Pengchao: graduate of Peking University, founder of Qingying Dreamworks Social Worker Centre, taken away in Beijing and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. Arrested for inciting subversion of state power. No indictment. Not reachable.
24. 24. Ms Wang Xiangyi: graduate of Peking University, founder of Qingying Dreamworks Social Worker Centre, taken away by police in Shenzhen and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. No further information.
25. 25. Ms Jian Xiaowei: graduate of Renmin University, staff member of Qingying Dreamworks Social Worker Centre, taken away by police in Shenzhen and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. No further information.
26. 26. Ms Kang Yanyan: graduate of University of Science and Technology Beijing, staff member of Qingying Dreamworks Social Worker Centre, taken away by police in Shenzhen and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. No further information.
27. 27. Ms Hou Changshan: graduate of Beijing Foreign Studies University, staff member of Qingying Dreamworks Social Worker Centre, taken away by police in Shenzhen and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. No further information.
28. 28. Ms Wang Xiaomei: graduate of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, staff member of Qingying Dreamworks Social Worker Centre, taken away by police in Shenzhen and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. No further information.
29. 29. Ms He Xiumei: supporter of Qingying Dreamworks Social Worker Centre, taken away by police in Shenzhen and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. No further information.
30. 30. Ms Zou Liping: local trade union staff member, detained in Shenzhen on 9 November 2018, charged with “picking quarrels and provoking trouble”. Taken away by police. Forcibly disappeared. No further information.
31. 31. Mr Li Ao: local trade union staff member, detained in Shenzhen on 9 November 2018, charged with “picking quarrels and provoking trouble”. Taken away by police. Forcibly disappeared. No further information.

Appendix II

1. 1. Mr Jia Shijie: Peking University student, arrested on 23 September 2018 for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
2. 2. Mr Lan Zhiwei: worker, arrested on 2 January 2019 for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
3. 3. Ms Zhang Zeying: worker, arrested on 2 January 2019 for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
4. 4. Mr Zhan Zhenzhen: Peking University student, arrested on 2 January 2019 for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
5. 5. Mr Li Yuanzhu: worker, arrested on 3 January 2019 for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
6. 6. Mr Feng Junjie: Peking University student, arrested in January 2019 for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
7. 7. Mr Wang Ji’ao: Renmin University canteen worker, arrested on 18 January 2019 for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
8. 8. Ms Li Ziyi: Peking University student, arrested on 21 January 2019 for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
9. 9. Mr Ma Shize: Peking University student, arrested on 21 January 2019 for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
10. 10. Mr Yan Zihao: Renmin University student, arrested on 21 January 2019 for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
11. 11. Mr Li Jiahao: graduate of Peking University, arrested on 21 January 2019 for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
12. 12. Mr Huang Yu: graduate of Peking University, arrested on 21 January 2019 for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
13. 13. Ms Sun Jiayan: Peking University student, arrested on 21 January 2019 for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
14. 14. Mr Zhang Ziwei: Peking University student, arrested on 21 January 2019 for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
15. 15. Ms Chen Ke Xin: Renmin University student, arrested on 21 January 2019 for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
16. 16. Mr Wu Jia Wei: graduate of Renmin University, arrested on 16 February 2019 for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.