Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2025, published 114th ILC session (2026)

Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 (MLC, 2006) - Sri Lanka (Ratification: 2017)

The Committee notes the Government’s second report on the application of the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, as amended (MLC, 2006). It notes that the amendments to the Code of the Convention approved by the International Labour Conference in 2022 entered into force for Sril Lanka on 23 December 2024. In relation to the 2022 amendments to the Code of the Convention, the Committee draws the Government’s attention to the questions included in the revised report form and requests the Government to reply to such questions in its next report, indicating in each case the applicable national provisions.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Committee notes the Government’s indication, in reply to its previous comment, that it implemented a wide range of measures to safeguard the well-being of seafarers during the COVID-19 pandemic, including prioritizing vaccination and facilitation of repatriation by establishing efficient programmes to bring stranded seafarers back to their home countries. The Committee takes note of this information.

Article I of the Convention. General questions on application. Implementing measures. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the Merchant Shipping (Maritime Labour) Regulations, No. 11 of 2022 (hereafter “the MLC Regulations”) have been published in the Gazette No. 2292/18 on 09 August 2022 and came into operation on 4 February 2023. The Committee notes with interest the adoption of these Regulations and draws the Government’s attention to the points set out below as necessary measures for achieving full implementation of the Convention.

Article II, paragraph 1(f) and 2. Definitions and scope of application. Seafarers. In reply to its previous request, the Committee notes the Government’s indication that regulation 46 of the MLC Regulations provides for a definition of “seafarer” and excludes under subparagraph (k) “any person who is employed or engaged or who works in any capacity on board a ship and who fulfils the following criteria set out in subparagraphs (i) and (ii) together with any one of the following criteria as set out in subparagraphs (iii), (iv) and (v): (i) his duration of stay on board that ship does not exceed 45 consecutive days; (ii) his working duration on board that ship in the aggregate does not exceed four months in any twelve month period; (iii) the nature of his work does not form part of the routine business of the ship; (iv) the work he performs is ad hoc, with his principal place of employment onshore; and (v) labour and social conditions offered by his principal employer are comparable to those provided under these regulations”. The Government states that subparagraph (k) gives further clarification with respect to other persons who shall be excluded, as there may be instances in which the role of persons does not fall under (a)-(j). In such cases, subparagraph (k) shall be applied depending on the duration of stay on the ship. The Committee takes note of this information.

Article II, paragraph 1(i) and 4. Definitions and scope of application. Ships. The Committee notes that, in response to its previous request, the Government indicates that the Launches Ordinance No. 11 of 1907, applies to ships sailing in inland waters and harbour areas and is therefore exempted from the application of the Convention. It further states that it is in the process of repealing the Merchant Shipping (Small Commercial Vessels) Regulations, 2017 and that it intends to introduce new regulations for non-Convention vessels. Once the new regulation is enacted, the Government will amend the MLC Regulations. The Committee recalls that the MLC, 2006, applies to all ships whether publicly or privately owned, ordinarily engaged in commercial activities, irrespective of their tonnage, size, the nature of their voyage, or the number of passengers carried, other than those ships which navigate exclusively in inland waters or waters within, or closely adjacent to, sheltered waters or areas where port regulations apply, as well as other than ships engaged in fishing, traditional build, warships or naval auxiliaries (Article II, paragraphs 1(i) and 4).Observing that ships covered by the Merchant Shipping (Small Commercial Vessels) Regulations, 2017, not subject to theMerchant Shipping (Maritime Labour) Regulations, No. 11 of 2022, fall within the scope of application of the Convention, the Committeerequests the Government to indicate the measures taken to ensure that the national provisions implementing the Convention cover all the ships within its scope of application.

Article II, paragraphs 6 and 7. Definitions and scope of application. Ships under 200 gross tonnage. In reply to the Committee’s previous comment, the Government states that exemptions will be granted in accordance with Article II, paragraph 6, and that the determination by the Director-General of Merchant Shipping shall be made in consultation with the shipowners’ and seafarers’ organizations. While noting this information, the Committee observes that regulation 2(3)(a)-(c) of the MLC Regulations, as currently worded, allows for the exclusion of a ship or categories of ships from the protection offered by the Convention and goes beyond the flexibility provided for in Article II, paragraph 6, which shall only pertains to “certain details of the Code” of the Convention, that is, Standards and Guidelines and cannot be extended to the content of its Regulations. The Committee accordingly requests the Government to adopt the necessary measures to ensure full conformity with the provisions of Article II, paragraph 6, thereby restricting the flexibility in relation to the aspects covered by Standards and Guidelines of the Convention by reviewing the scope of application of regulation 2(3)(a)–(c) of the Regulations.

Regulation 1.1 and Standard A1.1, paragraphs 2 and 3. Minimum age. Night work. The Committee notes that, in response to its previous request, the Government indicates that maritime training colleges in Sri Lanka conduct training programmes in accordance with the STCW Convention. When seafarers are part of any listed training programme, they may be required to perform night duties which have been exempted from the night work restriction as provided for under regulation 4(2)(b) of the Regulations. The Government further indicates that the competent authority consulted the shipowners’ and seafarers’ organizations before the regulations were adopted. The Committee takes note of this information, which addresses its previous request.

Regulation 1.4 and Standard A1.4, Paragraph 5(c)(vi). Recruitment and placement. System of protection. The Committee notes that, in reply to its previous request as to how Standard A1.4, paragraph 5(c)(vi), is implemented with respect to seafarers recruited by seafarer recruitment and placement service providers operating in Sri Lanka to work on Sri Lankan-flagged ships, the Government states that ships registered in Sri Lanka are subject to requirements of national law and under those conditions, shipowners of Sri Lankan ships are liable to breaches of any existing provisions. The Government further specifies that the bank guarantee requirement is only applied for seafarers’ recruitment and service providers, which supply Sri Lankan crew for foreign flagged vessels as Sri Lankan ships and companies are subject to a strict monitoring mechanism. While noting this information, the Committee observes that the Government has not indicated how the system of protection, by way of insurance or an equivalent appropriate measure, operates and what it covers to compensate seafarers working on Sri Lankan-flagged ships for monetary loss that they may incur as a result of the failure of a recruitment and placement service or the relevant shipowner under the seafarers’ employment agreement to meet its obligations to them. The Committee recalls that the requirement of Standard A1.4, paragraph 5(c)(vi), to establish such system of protection is not limited to seafarers placed on foreign ships. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on the system of protection that covers seafarers recruited by recruitment and placement services to work on Sri Lankan-flagged ships.

Regulation 2.1 and Standard A2.1, paragraph 1(a). Seafarers’ employment agreements. Signature of seafarer and shipowner or a representative. The Committee notes that regulation 8(1) of the MLC Regulations provides that no person shall work as a seafarer on board a ship unless that person has a seafarers’ employment agreement signed by both the seafarer and the shipowner or a representative of the shipowner, in compliance with Standard A2.1, paragraph 1(a). The Committee observes that the Government has submitted a copy of a seafarer’s employment agreement (hereafter “SEA”), which provides information as to the name and address of the shipowner. While welcoming this information, the Committee, however, observes that the model of a SEA communicated by the Government stipulates that the agreement is made between the seafarer and the employer, who is also the signatory party. Recalling that any signatory of the seafarers’ employment agreement other than a shipowner should produce a signed “power of attorney” or other document showing that he/she is authorized to represent the shipowner, the Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures taken to ensure that the company’s representative or employer, are authorized to act as a representative of the shipowner when signing the seafarers’ employment agreement, as required by Standard A2.1, paragraph 1(a).

Regulation 2.3 and Standard A2.3, paragraph 13. Hours of work and hours of rest. Exceptions. In reply to the Committee’s previous comment, the Government specifies that no exceptions to the requirements on hours of rest have been authorized under regulation 10 (7) of the MLC regulations. The Committee takes note of this information recalling that any exception to the minimum hours of rest or maximum hours of work prescribed by the Convention may only be authorized by collective agreement.

Regulation 2.4, Standard A2.4, paragraph 2 and Guideline B2.4.1, paragraph 3. Entitlement to leave. Minimum paid annual leave. Calculation on a pro-rata basis. Referring to its previous comments, the Committee notes the Government’s indication that it has taken into consideration Guideline B2.4.1, paragraph 3 given that entitlement to annual leave is calculated on a pro-rata basis for a seafarer who has served a shipowner for a period shorter than 12 months of continuous service in any year or in the event of termination of employment, as provided for under regulation 11(3) of the MLC Regulations. The Committee takes note of this information.

Regulation 2.5 and the Code. Repatriation. In reply to its previous comment regarding the possible exemption under regulation 2(3)(f) and (g) of the MLC Regulations of ships of less than 3,000 gross tonnage engaged in coastal waters of Sri Lanka from any of the applicable requirements specified in Standard A2.5.2, the Committee notes that the Government states that Sri Lankan shipowners, being registered in Sri Lanka and having their offices in Sri Lanka are liable in accordance with the laws of the land. Moreover, seafarers can sign off from the vessels trading in coastal waters of Sri Lanka and would be able to contact the competent authority. The Government specifies that in these circumstances, vessels trading exclusively in coastal waters of Sri Lanka will be exempted of this financial security. While noting this information, the Committee recalls that Standard 2.5.2 applies to all ships covered by the Convention, with the exception of paragraphs 6 and 7, which only apply to ships of 500 gross tonnage or over, engaged in international voyages; and ships of 500 gross tonnage or more flying the flag of a Member and operating from a port, or between ports, in another country. The Committee requests that the Government take the necessary measures to ensure full compliance with Standard A2.5.2.

Regulation 2.5 and Standard A2.5.1, paragraphs 1 and 2(a). Repatriation. Circumstances. The Committee notes that, in response to its previous request regarding the circumstances under which the right to repatriation ends, the Government refers to regulation 12(3) of the MLC Regulations. The Committee notes that under regulation 12(3), the shipowner’s duty to provide for the repatriation of the seafarer ends, inter alia, when the shipowner makes reasonable arrangements for repatriation which are unsuccessful because of the seafarer’s misconduct (regulation 12(3)(b)); when the shipowner has used reasonable endeavours to contact the seafarer for a period of three months or more, but has been unable to make such contact (regulation 12(3)(c)); and when the seafarer confirms in writing to the shipowner that repatriation is not required (regulation 12(3)(d)). The Government states that regulation 12(3)(b) has been included to avoid cases in which seafarers due to their negligence fail to appear at airports and cases involving desertions. The Government states that there is no definition given in the regulation for “seafarer’s misconduct” and that proof of such cases will be evaluated by the competent authority. The Committee takes note of this information.

Regulation 2.5 and Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 2(b). Repatriation. Maximum period of service on board. Referring to its previous comment regarding the maximum continuous period of shipboard service without leave which should be in principle 11 months, the Committee notes the Government’s indication that the provisions of regulation 11(1) on annual leave and regulation 12(1) of the MLC Regulations should be read together in the same way as the provisions of Standard A2.4, paragraphs 2 and 3, on annual leave and Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 2(b), on repatriation. While noting this information, the Committee recalls that under Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 2(b), the maximum period of service on board shall be “less than 12 months”. Furthermore, the Committee observes that the wording of regulation 12(1) seems to imply that the right to repatriation after a continuous period of shipboard service not exceeding 12 months should be cumulative with any of the circumstances for repatriation listed under regulation 12(1)(a)-(e). In light of the above, the Committee requests the Government to specify how it ensures that seafarers are repatriated in all cases after 11 months on board, in particular to take annual leave, regardless of one of the circumstances for repatriation listed under regulation 12(1)(a)-(e) being met.

Regulation 2.5 and Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 3. Repatriation. Prohibition of advance payment and to recover costs from seafarers. In reply to the Committee’s previous comment, the Government states that applicable provisions of the governing contract of employment are to be applied in order for a seafarer to be found in serious default of her/his obligations pursuant to Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 3. The Committee takes note of this information.

Regulation 2.7 and Standard A2.7, paragraph 1 Manning levels. Adequate manning. The Committee notes that, in response to its previous request, the Government has provided a copy of the Merchant Shipping (Minimum Safe Manning) Regulations, 2016. The Government indicates that there are no provisions giving effect to Guideline B2.7.1 with respect to dispute settlement concerning the manning levels on a ship. The Committee takes note of the information provided by the Government and requests it to provide information on any future development with respect to the setting up of an efficient machinery for the investigation and settlement of complaints or disputes concerning the manning levels on a ship.

Regulation 3.1 and Standard A3.1, paragraph 1. Accommodation and recreational facilities. Legislation. In reply to the Committee’s previous comment, the Government refers to the Implementing Standards No. MLC/01/2023, issued in compliance with regulation 23(2) of the Merchant Shipping (Maritime Labour) Regulations, No. 11 of 2022. While noting this information, the Committee observes that the Implementing Standards provide for accommodation and recreational facilities on board in general terms and give partial effect to the detailed requirements of Regulation 3.1 and the Code. In the absence of information concerning the application of several provisions of Standard A3.1, the Committee requests the Government to indicate how the following requirements are applied: account taken by laws and regulations establishing the minimum standards for seafarers’ on-board accommodation and recreational facilities of the requirements of Regulation 4.3 and the Code regarding occupational safety and health and accident prevention (Standard A3.1, paragraph 2(a)); inspections required under Regulation 5.1.4 to be carried out when a ship is registered or re-registered and/or when seafarer accommodation is substantially altered(Standard A3.1, paragraph 3); characteristics of accommodation (Standard A3.1, paragraph 6(a)-(f)); ships, except those regularly engaged in trade where temperate climatic conditions do not require this, to be equipped with air conditioning for seafarer accommodation, for any separate radio room and for any centralized machinery control room (Standard A3.1, paragraph 7(b)); all sanitary spaces shall have ventilation to the open air, independently of any other part of the accommodation (Standard A3.1, paragraph 7(c)); sleeping rooms and mess rooms shall be lit by natural light and provided with adequate artificial light (Standard A3.1, paragraph 8); sleeping rooms (Standard A3.1, paragraph 9(a),(c),(e)-(o)); mess rooms (Standard A3.1, paragraph 10); sanitary facilities (Standard A3.1, paragraph 11(b)-(e); on-board hospital (Standard A3.1, paragraph 12); recreational facilities (Standard A3.1, paragraph 14 and 15); and variations to take account of the interest of seafarers having differing and distinctive religious and social practice (Standard A3.1, paragraph 19).

Regulation 4.1 and Standard A4.1, paragraph 4(a). Medical care on board and ashore. Medicine Chest, medical equipment and medical guide. The Committee notes that regulation 27(1)(e) of the MLC Regulations provides that a medicine chest and medical equipment are carried on board in accordance with the requirements prescribed by the implementation standards published by the Director-General in relation to ships of that description. The Committee requests the Government to provide a copy of the relevant implementation standards adopted by the Director-General.

Regulation 4.2 and Standard A4.2.1, paragraph 1(c). Shipowners’ liability. Minimum Standards. Expenses of medical care and board and lodging away from home. The Committee notes that, in response to its previous request, the Government refers to regulation 29(5) of the MLC Regulations which limits the period during which a shipowner will continue to be liable to pay seafarers’ wages in case of incapacity for work to a period of 16 weeks commencing on the day following the date of the injury or the first day of the sickness. While noting this information, the Committee, however, observes that regulation 29(5) refers to the shipowner’s liability to pay wages in case of incapacity in accordance with Standard A4.2.1, paragraphs 3 and 4, and does not address the liability to defray the expenses of medical care, board and lodging until the seafarer has recovered or until the sickness or incapacity has been declared permanent in nature (Standard A4.2.1, paragraph 1(c)), which may be limited to a period of no less than 16 weeks from the day of the injury or the commencement of the sickness, as prescribed under Standard A4.2.1, paragraph 1(b) and 2. The Committee reiterates its previous request to the Government to indicate how it gives effect to the requirement of Standard A4.2.1, paragraph 1(c), that shipowners shall be liable to defray the expenses of medical care, board and lodging until the seafarer has recovered or until the sickness or incapacity has been declared permanent in nature.

Regulation 4.2, Standard A4.2.1, paragraphs 8 to 14 and Standard A4.2.2. Shipowners’ liability. Financial security. In reply to the Committee’s previous comment regarding how national legislation ensures that effective arrangements are in place to receive, deal with and impartially settle contractual claims relating to compensation in the event of the death or long-term disability of seafarers due to an occupational injury, illness or hazard, through expeditious and fair procedures, the Government refers to regulation 32 of the MLC Regulations which implements Standard A4.2.1, paragraphs, 8-14 and Standard A4.2.2. The Committee takes note of this information.

Regulation 4.3 and Standard A4.3, paragraph 3. Health and safety protection and accident prevention. Regular review of legislation in consultation with social partners. Referring to its previous comment, the Committee notes the Government’s indication that it conducts frequent discussions with shipowners’ and seafarers’ organizations, and it will take steps to amend regulations accordingly when needed in the future. It further states that national guidelines for the management of occupational safety and health, to protect seafarers who live, work and train on board ships flying the Sri Lankan flag will be developed. The Committee takes note of this information and requests the Government to adopt the necessary measures to develop national guidelines for the management of occupational safety and health, to protect seafarers who live, work and train on board ships flying the Sri Lankan flag as required by Regulation 4.3, paragraph 2.

Regulation 4.4 and the Code. Access to shore-based welfare facilities. The Committee notes the Government’s indication, in reply to its previous comment, that so far no implementation standards have been issued in this regard, but that it is in the process, in consultation with the shipowners’ and seafarers’ organizations, of developing relevant standards in accordance with the law. The Government further indicates that Mission to seafarers in Colombo, a charity organization, is providing such welfare facilities and the Government is assisting it in carrying out welfare activities. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on the progress made with respect to the development of measures to implement Regulation 4.4 and the Code.

Regulation 4.5 and Standard A4.5, paragraphs 1 and 2. Social security. Referring to its previous comment with respect to the social security branches covered pursuant to Standard A4.5, paragraph 2, the Government states that seafarers benefit from the following branches: old-age benefits; invalidity benefits; survivor’s benefits; and employment injury benefits. The Government refers to the Seafarer Social Security Scheme developed by the Sri Lanka Social Security Board and the Merchant Shipping Secretariat under joint cooperation, which details the benefits that seafarers are entitled to for each of the branches declared. The Committee notes that the branches specified at the time of ratification are not consistent with the three minimum branches that must be included in accordance with Guideline B4.5, paragraph 1 (medical care, sickness benefit and employment injury benefit). The Committee requests the Government to provide information on any developments regarding extension of social security protection for seafarers to branches not covered at present (Standard A4.5, paragraph 11).

Regulation 4.5 and Standard A4.5, paragraph 3. Social security. Protection for seafarers ordinarily resident in its territory. In reply to the Committee’s previous comment, the Government indicates that, social security branches benefits are provided to all seafarers who are ordinarily resident in Sri Lanka, regardless of their nationality as per the regulation 34(2) and (3) of the MLC, Regulations. The Committee observes that, in accordance with regulation 34(2), seafarers who are ordinarily resident in Sri Lanka and employed on ships that are entitled to fly Sri Lankan flag shall enjoy the Social Security protection set out in the provisions of Employees’ Provident Fund Act, No. 15 of 1958 as amended and Employees’ Trust Fund Act, No. 46 of 1980, as amended, and that seafarers who are ordinarily resident in Sri Lanka and employed on foreign flagged ships may enjoy the protection set out in the social security scheme adopted by Sri Lanka Social Security Board under the Social Security Board Act, No. 17 of 1996. While noting this information, the Committee observes that the Government has not indicated how these provisions cover the benefits to which seafarers are entitled under the branches specified by the Government at the time of ratification. The Committee further observes that the “Seafarer” Social Security Scheme developed by the Sri Lanka Social Security Board and the Merchant Shipping Secretariat under joint cooperation, which prescribes the benefits declared at the time of ratification and that seafarers are entitled to, only applies to citizens of Sri Lanka. The Committee requests the Government to clarify if there are any seafarers who are not citizens of Sri Lanka but who are ordinarily resident in the country, and, if this is the case, to indicate how they are protected regarding old-age benefits, invalidity benefits, survivor’s benefits, and employment injury.

Regulation 5.1.2 and Standard A5.1.2, paragraph 4. Flag State responsibilities.Authorization of recognized organizations. List provided to the ILO. The Committee notes that, in response to its previous request, the Government has provided the list of recognized organizations (ROs) authorized to act on behalf of the competent authority and has submitted an example of agreement governing the delegation of certification services to an RO and defining the scope, terms, conditions and requirements of that delegation. The Committee takes note of this information, which addresses its previous request.

Regulation 5.1.3 and Standard A5.1.3, paragraphs 1 and 10. Flag State responsibilities. Maritime Labour Certificate and Declaration of Maritime Labour Compliance. Scope of initial inspection. Content. In reply to the Committee’s previous request, the Government indicates that the scope of initial inspection is based on the provisions of the Convention and that inspections have been delegated to the approved recognized organizations and surveyors of ROs who conduct inspections in accordance with their systems. The Committee takes note of this information.

Regulation 5.1.3 and Standard A5.1.3, paragraph 10. Flag State responsibilities. Declaration of Maritime Labour Compliance. Content. The Committee notes that, in response to its previous request, the Government has submitted an example of an approved DMLC, Part II. While containing references to MLC, 2006, manuals, the Committee observes that there is no further information as to their content, nor to the concrete measures adopted by the shipowner to ensure ongoing compliance with the national requirements between inspections on board of a given ship. The Committee requests the Government to adopt the necessary measures without delay to ensure that Part II of the DMLCs contain details on the measures adopted by a shipowner to ensure ongoing compliance with the national requirements, as required by Standard A5.1.3, paragraph 10(b).

Regulation 5.1.6, paragraph 1. Flag State responsibilities. Marine casualties. Official inquiry. The Committee notes that, in response to its previous request, the Government indicates that, in addition to regulation 41 of the MLC Regulations, regulation 21 of the Merchant Shipping (Surveys and Certificates) Regulations, No. 01 of 2021, also requires that an Investigation shall be held in the case of a casualty. The Government also refers to Merchant Shipping Notice 06/2016 – Investigation of Marine Casualties and Marine Incidents, which describes the procedure for the investigation of marine casualties and marine incidents. While noting this information, the Committee observes paragraph 7.1 of Merchant Shipping Notice 06/2016, provides that after receipt of information regarding a marine casualty or incident, investigators shall perform a preliminary assessment of the marine casualty or incident and that under paragraph 7.2, if a very serious marine casualty has occurred, the Merchant Shipping Secretariat shall investigate it mandatorily. Recalling that, in accordance with Regulation 5.1.6, each Member must hold an official inquiry into any incident of serious marine casualty, leading to injury or loss of life, that involves a ship that flies its flag, the Committee requests the Government to take the necessary measures to ensure that an official inquiry is held into any serious marine casualty.

Regulation 5.2.1 and the Code. Port State responsibilities. Inspections in port. Qualifications of officers. In reply to the Committee’s previous comment regarding the qualifications and training required for being appointed as port State control officers, the Government has submitted a copy of the Quality Management System manual which provides basic guidance on the conduct of port State control inspections. The Committee notes that, under paragraph 2.9.4, in specifying the qualifications and training requirements for PSCOs, the Merchant Shipping Secretariat should take into account, as appropriate, which of the internationally agreed instruments are relevant for the control by the port State and pursuant to paragraph 2.9.6, periodic seminars for PSCOs should be held in order to update their knowledge with respect to instruments related to port State Control. The Committee takes note of this information.

Regulations 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 and the Code. Port State responsibilities. Inspections in port. Onshore seafarer complaint-handling procedures. Information to social partners. The Committee notes that, in response to its previous request as to how the Government gives effect to the requirement of Standard A5.2.1, paragraphs 4 and 6 and Standard A5.2.2, paragraph 6, to inform the appropriate shipowners’ and seafarers’ organizations in the port State in which the inspection was carried out or in the case of a complaint, the Government indicates that it will issue implementing standards to prescribe these requirements. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on the progress made in this regard.