Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 (MLC, 2006) - Mongolia (Ratification: 2015)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2024, published 113rd ILC session (2025)

The Committee notes the Government’s third report on the application of the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, as amended (MLC, 2006). The Committee notes that the amendments to the Code of the Convention approved by the International Labour Conference in 2022 will enter into force for Mongolia on 23 December 2024.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this regard, the Committee notes the Government’s indication that Mongolia Maritime administration issued Marine Circulars No. 1-34 on Novel Coronavirus, dated 7 February 2020, to provide information and guidance on the precautions to be taken to minimize risks to seafarers, passengers and others on board ships from COVID-19, and No. 1-40 on Crews denied off due to Coronavirus, dated 17 February 2020. The Committee takes note of this information.

Article I. General questions on application. Implementing measures. In reply to its previous comments, the Committee notes the Government’s indication that it took effective steps to implement the MLC, 2006, through the adoption of its revised Maritime Law on 3 June 2022 (hereafter Maritime Law of Mongolia), which took effect on 1 July 2022, the issuance of Regulation on Conducting Flag State Control and Inspection on 31 March 2023 by Order No. A/92 of the Minister of Road and Transport Development to monitor the living and working conditions of seafarers, and the adoption of an important number of Marine Circulars to give effect to specific provisions of the MLC, 2006. The Committee welcomes the adoption of these national provisions and draws the Government’s attention to the points set out below as necessary measures for achieving full implementation of the Convention.

Article II, paragraph 1(f) and 2. Definitions and scope of application. Seafarers. In reply to the Committee’s previous comment, the Government states that the definition of “seafarer” in the Maritime Law of Mongolia remains unchanged from the draft version, due to time constraints and procedural issues. A proposal to amend the definition in compliance with Article 2, paragraph 1(f) is under preparation. The Government further indicates that although the national legislation does not define the status of cadets or apprentices, it is considered that they are seafarers covered by article 11.2 of the Maritime Law of Mongolia, and enjoy the protection afforded by the Convention. In light of the above, the Committee requests the Government to take the necessary measures without delay to give effect to Article II, paragraph 1(f) and 2, and to provide updated information on the progress made in this regard.

Article VII. Consultations. In reply to its previous comment, the Committee notes the Government’s indication that there are no shipowners’ and seafarers’ organizations in Mongolia and that consequently, any derogation, exemption or other flexible application for which the Convention requires consultations are subject to discussion of the Tripartite National Commission on Labour and Social consensus, which includes the Confederation of Mongolian Trade Unions, the Mongolian Employers’ Federation and the Mongolian National Chamber of Commerce and Industry. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on the activities of the Tripartite National Commission on Labour and Social consensusrelated to the implementation of the Convention.

Regulation 1.1 and Standard A1.1, paragraph 1. Minimum age. The Committee notes that, in response to its previous request, the Government refers to article 11.2 of the Maritime Law of Mongolia, which now sets the minimum age to be employed or engaged or work on board ship at 18 years of age. Mongolia Maritime Administration has accordingly changed the minimum age to 18 in the Declaration of Maritime Labour Compliance (DMLC), Part I, and the relevant Marine Circulars. While welcoming this information, the Committee recalls that it had noted that paragraphs 109.2 and 109.3 of the Labour Code 1999 allow for exceptions to the prohibition of the employment, engagement or work on board a ship of any person under the age of 16. The Committee requests the Government to clarify whether the provisions of the Maritime Law of Mongolia are considered lex specialis in this case and prevail over the Labour Code. The Committee further requests the Government to adopt the necessary measures to amend the Labour Code in order to avoid any inconsistencies in the legislation giving effect to the Convention.

Regulation 1.1 and Standard A1.1, paragraphs 2 and 3. Minimum age. Night work. Referring to its previous comments, the Committee notes the Government’s indication that, in accordance with the Maritime Law of Mongolia, which now sets the minimum age for any seafarer to be employed, engaged or work on board the Mongolian-flagged vessel at 18 years of age, night work is therefore prohibited for seafarers under 18, without exception. The Committee further notes the Government’s indication that Mongolia Maritime Administration revised the DMLC, Part I accordingly and that section 1.7 of Marine Circular No. 1-214-2020 will also be amended to be aligned with the Maritime Law of Mongolia and the requirement of the Convention. The Committee requests the Government to adopt the necessary measures to give full effect to this requirement of the Convention and to provide information on the progress made in this regard.

Regulation 1.2 and the Code. Medical certificate. The Committee notes with interest that Mongolia Maritime Administration issued Marine Circular No. 01/151/2024 on Guidelines for medical examination of seafarers and seafarer’s medical certificate, which gives effect to the various requirements of Standard A1.2. The Committee takes note of this information, which addresses its previous request.

Regulation 1.4 and the Code. Recruitment and placement. In its previous comments, the Committee requested the Government to provide information on the implementation of Standard A1.4, paragraph 9. The Committee notes with interest that Mongolia Maritime Administration issued Marine Circular No. 01/243/2024 on Guidelines for Seafarers Recruitment and Placement Services, which provides that shipowners or operators of Mongolian-flagged vessels who use these services based in countries or territories in which the MLC, 2006 does not apply shall comply with the relevant requirements of Regulation 1.4 and the Code. The Committee takes note of this information, which addresses its previous request.

Regulation 2.1 and the Code. Seafarers’ employment agreements. The Committee notes that, in response to its previous request, the Government refers to Marine Circular No. 01/181/2024 on Guidelines for Seafarers Employment Agreement which defines the requirements for the Seafarer’s Employment Agreement (SEA) to ensure fair and standardized working conditions for seafarers working on board Mongolian-flagged ships. While welcoming this information, the Committee observes that Marine Circular No. 01/181/2024 does not give effect the following two requirements: (i) the protection given by Standard A2.1, paragraph 1(d) to ensure that copies of SEA are accessible on board to seafarers, including the ships’ master, and that they can also be accessed by officers of a competent authority at an inspection during a stopover; and (ii) Standard A2.1, paragraphs 1(e) and 3 with respect to the document containing the record of the seafarers’ employment on board the ship. The Committee notes the various examples of SEAs submitted by the Government. Recalling that the protection given by the detailed requirements of Standard A2.1 must be prescribed by legislation, the Committee requests the Government to adopt the necessary measures without delay to ensure the full conformity with the Convention.

Regulations 2.1 and 2.2 and Standards A2.1, paragraph 7 and Standard A2.2, paragraph 7. Seafarers’ employment agreements and wages. Captivity as a result of acts of piracy or armed robbery against ships. The Committee notes with interest that Marine Circular No. 01/181/2024 on Guidelines for Seafarers Employment gives effect to the requirements of the 2018 amendments to the Code of the MLC, 2006. The Committee takes note of this information.

Regulation 2.2 and Standard A2.2, paragraphs 3 to 5. Wages. Allotments. The Committee notes that, in response to its previous request, the Government refers to Marine Circular No. 01-248-2024 on Guidelines on Seafarer’s Wages which gives effect to the requirements of Standard A2.2 with respect to the possibility for seafarers to allot their earnings to their families or dependants or legal beneficiaries. The Committee observes that the Government no longer refers to the Articles of Agreement which previously implied that the allotment of the seafarer’s wages had to be agreed by both the master and the seafarer. The Committee also notes that the payments to seafarers shall be at the prevailing market rate or official published rate of exchange used where payment has been made in a currency or at a rate different from the one to which agreed. The Committee takes note of this information, which addresses its previous request.

Regulation 2.3 and Standard A2.3, paragraphs 5, 6 and 13. Hours of work and hours of rest. Division of hours of rest. Referring to its previous comments, the Committee notes the Government’s indication that exceptions to the minimum hours of rest for watchkeepers are permitted by Marine Circular 1/213/2020 on principles of watchkeeping during overriding operational conditions such as those stipulated under Standard A2.3, paragraph 14. The Committee observes that Marine Circular 1/214/2020 on requirements for minimum hours of rest, applicable to all seafarers working onboard Mongolian vessels to which the STCW (as amended) and the MLC, 2006 apply, provides for an adequate period of rest as soon as practicable after the normal situation has been restored. The Committee takes note of this information, which addresses its previous request.

Regulation 2.4 and Standard A2.4, paragraphs 1 and 2. Entitlement to leave. The Committee notes with interest that the provisions of Marine Circular No. 01-249-2024 on Guidelines on Entitlement to Leave, Marine Circular No. 01-181-2024 on Guidelines on Seafarer’s Employment Agreement and Marine Circular 01-248-2024 on Guidelines on Seafarer’s Wages give effect to the requirement of Standard A2.4, paragraph 2 that the annual leave with pay entitlement for seafarers shall be calculated on the basis of a minimum of 2.5 calendar days per month of employment. Marine Circular No. 01-249-2024 on Guidelines on Entitlement to Leave also implements the requirement of Regulation 2.4, paragraph 2 that seafarers shall be granted appropriate shore leave to benefit their health and well-being and consistent with the operational requirements of their positions. The Committee takes note of this information, which addresses its previous request.

Regulation 2.4 and Standard A2.4, paragraph 3. Entitlement to leave. Prohibition of agreements to forgo annual leave. In reply to the Committee’s previous request, the Committee notes that the Government refers to Marine Circular No. 01-249-2024 on Guidelines on Entitlement to Leave. The Committee notes that section 5 of the aforementioned Marine Circular provides that the Administration will take into account the following when permitting a seafarer to forgo the minimum annual leave with pay and continue being engaged under the SEA for a period not exceeding 14 months: (a) the reason for foregoing minimum annual leave with pay; (b) the shipowner and the operator can satisfactorily demonstrate that all possible efforts have been expended to repatriate the seafarer without success; (c) the seafarer has provided written confirmation accepting the extension of the SEA; (d) the shipowner or the operator provides a repatriation plan for the approval and which will result in the repatriation of the seafarer; and (e) a proper risk assessment carried out by the shipowner taking into account the ship’s trading pattern, the seafarers’ record of rest hours, fatigue and other identified hazards. Section 6 of the same Marine Circular provides that a seafarer taking annual leave should be recalled only in cases of extreme emergency and with the seafarers’ consent. The Committee considers that this provision needs to be understood in a restrictive manner. In contrast, to read this provision as a broad authorization to forgo annual leave for cash compensation or otherwise, would defeat the purpose of Regulation 2.4, which is to ensure that seafarers have adequate leave. In this context, the Committee requests the Governmentto adopt the necessary measures to ensure that authorizations to forgo annual leave are limited to exceptional cases, to communicate statistical information on the number of authorizations issued, and to provide detailed information about such cases.

Regulation 2.5 and Standard A2.5.1, paragraphs 1 and 2(a). Repatriation. Circumstances. The Committee notes that, in reply to its request on the legislation giving effect to Standard A2.5.1, paragraphs 1 and 2(a), the Government refers to the provisions of Marine Circular No. 01/250/2024 on Guidelines on Seafarer’s repatriation and Marine Circular No. 01/181/2024 on Guidelines on Seafarer’s Employment Agreement. While noting that the aforementioned provisions prescribe the circumstances in which seafarers are entitled to repatriation in accordance with Standard A2.5.1, paragraphs 1 and 2(a), the Committee observes that, under sub-section 1.6 of Marine Circular No. 01/250/2024 on Guidelines on Seafarer’s repatriation, the entitlement to repatriation ceases: (a) where the seafarer fails without reasonable cause to comply with any reasonable arrangements made by the shipowner for their repatriation; (b) where, despite reasonable efforts made by the shipowner to contact them, the whereabouts of a seafarer remains unknown; (c) where the seafarer informs the shipowner in writing that they do not wish to be repatriated by the shipowner; and (d) where the seafarer has died. The Committee recalls that the Convention does not provide that the right to repatriation ends when the circumstances provided under Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 1, are met. The only case in which this right may lapse in conformity with the Convention is contemplated under Guideline B2.5.1, paragraph 8, in the case in which the seafarers concerned do not claim that right within a reasonable period of time to be defined by national laws or regulations or collective agreements. The Committee further observes that there does not seem to be a reference to the procedure and processes which would be used to determine what would be a reasonable cause or not to consider that the seafarer has failed to comply with any arrangements made by the shipowner for their repatriation pursuant to section 1.6(a) of Marine Circular No. 01/250/2024. Observing that section 1.6(a) and (c) of Marine Circular No. 01/250/2024 on Guidelines on Seafarer’s repatriation is not in conformity with the Convention, the Committee requests the Government to adopt the necessary measures to ensure that any provision of national legislation which deprives seafarers of their right to repatriation is limited to the circumstances allowed by the Convention.

Regulation 2.5 and Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 2(b). Repatriation. Maximum period of service on board. The Committee notes the Government’s indication, in reply to its previous request, that sub-section 7.4 of Marine Circular No. 01/181/2024 on Guidelines on Seafarer’s Employment Agreement states that any earned paid leave must be taken before one year after the enlistment aboard and in no case shall exceed 11 months consecutively. In addition, section 5 of Marine Circular No. 01/249/2024 on Guidelines on Entitlement to leave provides that the maximum period that a seafarer can serve on board a ship is 11 months before taking minimum paid annual leave. While noting this information, the Committee observes that some of the examples of SEAs submitted by the Government provide that “a seafarer shall be engaged for 11 months, which period may be extended by 1 month for operational convenience”. Recalling that the duration of the SEA should be distinguished from the maximum period of service on board, the Committee requests the Government to adopt the necessary measures to ensure that the maximum continuous period of service on a ship without leave is limited to 11 months, including in the event of the terms of the contract being extended.

Regulation 2.5 and Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 2(c). Repatriation. Entitlements. The Committee notes that, in reply to its previous comments, the Government refers to the provisions of Marine Circular No. 01-250-2024 on Guidelines on Seafarer’s Repatriation, which stipulate the precise entitlements to be accorded by shipowners for repatriation. The Committee takes note of this information, which addresses its previous request.

Regulation 2.5 and Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 3. Repatriation. Prohibition of advance payment and to recover costs from seafarers. The Committee notes that, in response to its previous request, the Government refers to sub-section 6 of Marine Circular No. 01/181/2024 on the Guidelines on Seafarer’s Employment Agreement which states that in instances where seafarers are dismissed for disciplinary reasons or have violated their obligations under their SEA, they may not have a right to repatriation funded by the shipowner. It also refers to sub-sections 3.3 and 3.4 of the Marine Circular No. 01-250-2024 on Guidelines on Seafarer’s Repatriation, which stipulate that the shipowner cannot recover the cost of repatriation from the seafarer’s wages except where the seafarer has been found to be in serious default of their obligations under their SEA or has been guilty of serious misconduct. The Committee further observes that one of the SEAs provided by the Government states that a seafarer shall be entitled to repatriation at the company’s expense on termination of employment except where such termination arises due to misconduct, constituting a serious default of the seafarers employment obligations which gives rise to a lawful entitlement to dismissal and another example of SEA communicated by the Government indicates that the Company will deduct the cost of repatriation from the seafarer’s salary in the following cases: (a) rightful dismissal; (b) desertion; (c) criminal offenses; or (d) unjustifiable repudiation of the shipping Articles. If a seafarer is fired in circumstances where seafarer have been dismissed on disciplinary grounds or have breached seafarer’s obligations under this Agreement, he/she shall only be entitled to salary for the services rendered, the payment of proportional annual leave and his/her repatriation. Observing that the terms for what those “disciplinary reasons” justifying dismissal might be considered to be “violations” or “serious default” of the seafarers’ employment obligations or “serious misconduct” do not seem to be explicitly and uniformly determined by the relevant legislation or applicable collective bargaining agreements as situations where the shipowner may recover the costs of repatriation, pursuant to Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 3. The Committee recalls that this definition should not be left at the discretion of the shipowner.The Committee requests the Government to: (i) take the necessary measures to ensure that what is considered to be serious default of a seafarers’ obligations under their SEA or serious misconduct shall be explicitly determined by the relevant legislation, or other measures, or applicable collective bargaining agreements as situations where the shipowner may recover the costs of repatriation and not forfeit the seafarer’s right to repatriation; and (ii) specify the procedure to be followed and the standard of proof to be applied before any seafarer covered by the Convention can be found to be in serious default of the seafarer’s employment obligations, pursuant to Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 3.

Regulation 2.6 and Standard A2.6, paragraph 1. Compensation for the ship’s loss or foundering. Unemployment indemnity. The Committee requested the Government to indicate how it ensures that seafarers are entitled to adequate compensation in the case of injury, loss or unemployment arising from the ship’s loss or foundering. In its reply, the Government refers to the provisions of Marine Circular No. 01/251/2024 on Guidelines on Seafarer compensation for the ship’s loss or foundering. The Committee observes that while section 1 stipulates that seafarers are entitled to adequate compensation in the case of injury, loss or unemployment arising from the ship’s loss or foundering, section 2 only refers to compensation by the shipowner for injury or loss arising from the ship’s loss or foundering. The Committee further observes that section 3 specifies that compensation may be limited to two month’s wages and is payable for each day the seafarer remains unemployed. However, it is not clear whether compensation is strictly limited to circumstances where termination of an employment agreement is due to an occupational accident resulting from the loss or foundering of the ship. The Committee recalls that, in accordance with Standard A2.6, paragraph 1, each Member shall make rules ensuring that, in every case of loss or foundering of any ship, the shipowner pays to each seafarer on board an indemnity against unemployment resulting from such loss or foundering, irrespective of injury or loss. The Committee requests the Government to confirm that seafarers receive adequate compensation in the case of unemployment arising from the ship’s loss or foundering, irrespective of whether termination of the employment agreement is due to an occupational accident resulting from the loss or foundering of the ship (Standard A2.6, paragraph 1 and Guideline B2.6.1).

Regulation 3.1 and the Code. Accommodation and recreational facilities. The Committee notes that, in response to its previous request, the Government refers to Marine Circular No. 01/312/2024 on Standards for Accommodation and Recreational Facilities on board Mongolian flagged ships, which gives effect to the detailed requirements of Regulation 3.1 and the Code. The Committee, however, observes that Article Q provides that shipowners may seek exemption by the Administration from compliance with some provisions of the Marine Circular implementing the MLC, 2006 for yachts of less than 500 gross tonnage. The Committee recalls that limited exemptions are only permitted under Standard A3.1, paragraph 20, for ships of less than 200 gross tonnage. The Committee accordingly requests the Government to provide information on the kind of exemptions authorized for yachts of less than 200 gross tonnage, and to adopt the necessary measures to ensure that the protection afforded by the Convention is guaranteed to seafarers working on yachts above 200 gross tonnage engaged in commercial activities.

Regulation 3.2 and the Code. Food and catering. The Committee notes with interest that the Mongolia Maritime Administration issued Marine Circular No. 01/257/2024 on Guidelines for Food and Catering, which implements the various requirements of Regulation 3.2 and the Code.The Committee takes note of this information, which addresses its previous request.

Regulation 4.1 and the Code. Medical care on board and ashore. The Committee notes that, in response to its previous request, the Government indicates that Mongolia Maritime Administration issued Marine Circular No. 1/306/2024 on Seafarer’s Medical Care on Board Ship and Ashore, which gives effect to the requirements of Regulation 4.1 and the Code. Observing the Government’s indication that the Merchant Shipping (Certification and Manning) Rules, 2003 are no longer in force in Mongolia and that neither Marine Circular No. 1-215-2020 on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers nor Marine Circular No. 1-255-2024 on Guidelines on Minimum Safe Manning Requirement prescribe that ships carrying 100 or more persons and ordinary engaged on international voyages of more than three days’ duration shall have a qualified medical doctor, the Committee observes that this requirement no longer seems to be established in the national provisions, as required under Standard A4.1, paragraph 4(b). The Committee requests the Government to adopt without delay the necessary measures to ensure full compliance with this provision of the Convention.

Regulation 4.2 and the Code. Shipowners’ liability. Referring to its previous comments, the Committee notes the Government’s indication that Marine Circular No. 1-181-2024 on Guidelines on Seafarer’s Employment Agreements, Marine Circular No. 1-198-2020 on Amendments of 2014 to MLC, 2006, new compulsory financial requirements pertaining to the repatriation of abandoned seafarers and work injury compensation, and Marine Circular No. 01/248/2024 on Guidelines on Seafarer’s Wages, implement the minimum standards of Standard A4.2.1 on material assistance and support from the shipowner with respect to the financial consequences of sickness, injury or death occurring while they are serving under a SEA or arising from their employment under such agreement. The Committee, however, notes that sub-section 7.3 of Marine Circular No. 01/248/2024 on Guidelines on Seafarer’s Wages provides for an exception to seafarers’ entitlement to the corresponding benefits in cases of sickness or injury when the seafarer refuses medical treatment for such sickness or injury or is denied such treatment because of misconduct or default. Since these exclusions from the shipowner’s liability do not correspond to the possible exclusions provided in Standard A4.2.1, paragraph 5, the Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures adopted to ensure full conformity with this provision of the Convention.

Regulation 4.2 and Standard A4.2.1, paragraph 7. Shipowners’ liability. Safeguarding of property left on board. The Committee notes with interest that sub-section 7.2 of Marine Circular No. 01/248/2024 on Guidelines on Seafarer’s Wages provides that the shipowner or his representative shall take adequate measures for safeguarding property left on board by a sick, injured or deceased seafarer.The Committee takes note of this information, which addresses its previous request.

Regulation 4.3 and the Code. Health and safety protection and accident prevention. The Committee notes with interest that, in response to its previous request, Mongolia Maritime Administration issued Marine Circular 01/318/2024 on Health and Safety Protection and Accident prevention, which gives effect to the detailed requirements of Regulation 4.3 and the Code. The Committee also notes the example of an approved DMLC, Part II, provided by the Government, which refers to the measures put in place with respect to occupational safety and health on board the ship. The Committee takes note of this information, which addresses its previous request.

Regulation 4.5 and the Code. Social security. The Committee notes that, in reply to its previous comments, the Government indicates that currently no measures have been adopted to implement Regulation 4.5 and the Code and that it will take action based on national conditions and international cooperation to progressively provide comprehensive social security protection for seafarers. While noting this information, the Committee requests the Government to adopt without delay the necessary measures to comply with these requirements of the Convention and toprovide updated information on the progress made in this regard.

Regulation 5.1.1 and the Code. Flag State responsibilities. General principles. In reply to its previous comment, the Committee notes that the Regulation on Conducting Flag State Control and Inspection regulates relations of operation of conducting Flag state control and inspection for compliance of Mongolian vessels with international treaties, conventions, and laws. The Committee also notes that the Flag State inspection checklist provided by the Government verifies compliance with the MLC, 2006. The Committee, however, notes that the national provisions do not seem to require a copy of the MLC, 2006 to be kept on board all ships flying its flag. Recalling that, under Standard A5.1.1, paragraph 2, each Member shall require all ships that fly its flag to have a copy of the MLC, 2006 available on board, the Committee requests the Government to adopt the necessary measures to ensure compliance with this requirement of the Convention.

Regulation 5.1.2 and the Code. Flag State responsibilities. Authorization of recognized organizations. The Committee notes that, in reply to its previous comments, the Government indicates that the Maritime Law of Mongolia, adopted in 2022, outlines the requirements for authorizing recognized organizations to conduct inspections and surveys on vessels to ensure the effective implementation of international conventions to which Mongolia is a party within the authorization granted by the scope of the relevant delegation Agreement. The Government further states that on 31 March 2023, it adopted Regulations on appointing recognized organizations, conducting evaluation and assessment of their performance, and regulating their operation by order No. A/91 of the Minister of Road and Transport Development. Following the establishment of these regulations, the Administration renewed agreements with 13 recognized organizations. Article 4 of the Regulations provides that recognized organizations are granted the power to require rectification of deficiencies on ships and to carry out inspections at the request of port States. The Committee takes note of this information, which addresses its previous request.

Regulation 5.1.3 and the Code. Flag State responsibilities. Maritime Labour Certificate and the Declaration of Maritime Labour Compliance. The Committee notes that the Government revised DMLC, Part I and has submitted a copy, which specifies the relevant national legal provisions embodying the Convention, as well as information on the main content of the national requirements, as required by Standard A5.1.3, paragraph 10. The Committee also notes that the Government has communicated an example of an approved DMLC, Part II. While noting that the DMLC, Part I includes some provisions on the procedure for certification of the working and living conditions of seafarers on board, the Committee observes that the Government does not seem to have adopted any other national provisions implementing the detailed requirements of Regulation 5.1.3 and Standard A5.1.3.The Committee requests the Government to take the necessary measures to comply with this provision of the Convention and to indicate how it gives effect to the following requirements: the scope of the prior inspection and the requirements for an intermediate inspection (Standard A5.1.3, paragraph 2); the provisions respecting the renewal of the certificate (Standard A5.1.3, paragraphs 3 and 4); and the cases in which a maritime labour certificate may be issued on an interim basis, as well as the maximum period of validity and scope of the inspection (Standard A5.1.3, paragraphs 5 to 8).

Regulation 5.1.4 and the Code. Flag State responsibilities. Inspection and enforcement. The Committee notes that, in reply to its previous comments, the Government refers to the provisions of articles 28 and 29 of the Maritime Law of Mongolia and to the Regulation on Conducting Flag State Control and Inspection. While noting that these provisions prescribe the minimum requirements with respect to qualifications and training of flag State inspections and the duties and procedures that inspectors must follow to conduct inspections, as well as the tasks that they shall carry, the Committee observes these provisions still do not give effect to the following requirements: (i) the intervals at which inspections have to be carried out (Standard A5.1.4, paragraph 4); (ii) the procedures for receiving and investigating complaints (Standard A5.1.4, paragraphs 5, 10, 11(b) and 12); (iii) the penalties to be imposed in case of deficiencies under the Convention (Standard A5.1.4, paragraph 7(c)); and (iv) the compensation to be payable in accordance with national laws and regulations for any loss or damage suffered as a result of the wrongful exercise of the inspectors’ powers (Standard A5.1.4, paragraph 16). The Committee requests the Government to adopt without delay the necessary measures to give full effect to these provisions of the Convention.

Regulation 5.1.5 and Standard A5.1.5. Flag State responsibilities. On-board complaint procedures. The Committee notes that Marine Circular No. 1-298-2024 on On-Board Complaint Procedure establishes the requirements for on-board complaint procedures. While noting that this circular seeks to prohibit and penalize any form of victimization against seafarers for filing complaints, it does not elaborate on the arrangements to guarantee protection against victimization or penalty. The Committee requests the Government to adopt the necessary measures to give full effect to Regulation 5.1.5, paragraph 2, and Standard A5.1.5, paragraph 3.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2021, published 110th ILC session (2022)

The Committee notes the Government’s second report on the application of the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, as amended (MLC, 2006). The Committee notes that the amendments to the Code approved by the International Labour Conference in 2016 and 2018 entered into force for Mongolia on 28 February 2021, 8 January 2019, and 26 December 2020, respectively. The Committee draws the Government’s attention to the following issues.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Committee takes note of the observations of the International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF) and of the International Chamber of Shipping (ICS), received by the Office on 1 October 2020 and 26 October 2020 and on 4 October 2021 respectively, alleging that ratifying states have failed to comply with certain provisions of the Convention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Noting with deep concern the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the protection of seafarers’ rights as laid out in the Convention, the Committee refers to its general observation of 2020 and its comments in the general report of 2021 on this issue, and requests the Government to provide information in its next report on any temporary measures adopted in this regard, their duration and their impact on seafarers’ rights.

Article I of the Convention. General questions on application. Implementing measures. The Committee previously noted the Government’s indication that it is developing new laws and a certification system in line with the Convention and hoped that it will make concrete progress in adopting laws and regulations to give effect to the Convention. The Committee notes that the Government has submitted a copy of the draft new Maritime Law of Mongolia (hereinafter draft Maritime Law) for information. The Government indicates that a Working Group for developing the Draft of the new Maritime Law was established by Order no.157 of the Minister for Road and Transport Development of Mongolia on 23 July 2018 and held several meetings with the participation of different ministries and non-governmental organizations. The Draft Maritime Law was presented to the Parliament of Mongolia on 17 October 2019 and approved on 28 August 2020. After ratification of the new Maritime Law, according to the internal procedure, the following second legislation shall be approved: (i) New Regulation on Ship Registry; (ii) Regulation on Investigation into the Marine Casualty and Incidents; (iii) Regulation on Flag State Inspection and Survey; (iv) Regulation on Oversight and Audit for Recognized Organizations by Flag State; (v) Regulation on Long Range Identification and Tracking System of Vessels; (vi) Regulation on Monitoring and Evaluation of IMO Conventions and Recommendations; (vii) Requirements and Principles of Minimum Safe Manning; and (viii) Regulation on Conduct of Inspection and Survey for Working and Living Condition of Seafarers on-board. The Committee hopes that the revised edition of the draft Maritime Law will be adopted in the near future and will give full effect to the Convention. It encourages the Government to take into account its comments when finalizing the draft Maritime Law and requests the Government to provide a copy of the Law once adopted.

Article II, paragraph 1(f) and 2. Definitions and scope of application. Seafarers. The Committee observes that the provisions of the draft Maritime Law define “crew” as a personnel expert who is responsible to ensure the safe operations of the vessel and a “seafarer” as a person who is working in the crew in order to ensure the safety of the ship, preventing marine environment pollution and protecting the marine environment. The Committee notes that this definition is not in conformity with the Convention. The Committee draws the Government’s attention to the definition of “seafarer” specified in Article II, paragraph 1(f), which covers “any person who is employed or engaged or works in any capacity on board a ship to which this Convention applies”. This definition encompasses not only personnel responsible for the safety of the ship, but also persons working on board in any capacity, such as hotel or catering personnel. The Committee requests the Government to revise the draft Maritime Law to ensure that all persons employed or engaged or working in any capacity on board a ship to which the Convention applies are considered seafarers within the meaning of Article II, paragraph 1(f). Noting that the Government has not provided information on the status of cadets or apprentices, the Committee further requests the Government to indicate whether cadets or apprentices are regarded as seafarers under its national legislation and therefore fully enjoy the protection afforded by the Convention.

Article VII. Consultations. Noting that there are no shipowners’ and seafarers’ organizations in Mongolia, the Committee recalled that under Article VII of the Convention, any derogation, exemption or other flexible application for which the Convention requires consultations may, where representative organizations of shipowners or of seafarers do not exist within a Member, only be decided through consultation with the Special Tripartite Committee established in accordance with Article XIII of the Convention. It invited the Government to have recourse to the consultative arrangement provided for in Article VII of the Convention. Noting the absence of information in this respect, the Committee requests, once again, the Government to have recourse to the arrangements provided for in Article VII of the Convention until a shipowners’ and seafarers’ organization are established in the country.

Regulation 1.1 and Standard A1.1, paragraph 1. Minimum age. In its previous comment, noting that paragraphs 109.2 and 109.3 of the Labour Code 1999 allow for exceptions to the prohibition of the employment, engagement or work on board a ship of any person under the age of 16, the Committee requested the Government to take the necessary measures to bring its legislation into conformity with Standard A1.1, paragraph 1, of the Convention. The Committee notes that Article 11.2. of the draft Maritime Law provides that “Citizens of Mongolia, foreign citizens or stateless persons who are at least 16 years of age, having professional high skills and meeting health requirements shall be employed as a crew member under contractual terms in conformity with applicable international Conventions.” Recalling that no person below the minimum age shall be employed or engaged or work on ship, the Committee requests the Government to clarify whether, once adopted, the provisions of the Maritime Law would be considered lex specialis in this case and would prevail over the Labour Code. The Committee further requests the Government to adopt the necessary measures to amend the Labour Code in order to avoid any inconsistencies in the legislation giving effect to the Convention.

Regulation 1.1 and Standard A1.1, paragraphs 2 and 3. Minimum age. Night work. The Committee previously noted that Article 72.1 of the Labour Code does not define “night” as a period of at least 9 hours as required by the Convention and that there are no provisions in the Labour Code prohibiting night work for seafarers under 18 years. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that Article 73.5 of the draft Maritime Law provides that “Crewman less than 18 years of age shall not work at night watchkeeping.” The Committee further observes that Marine Circular No. 1/214/2020, minimum hours of rest (hereinafter Marine Circular No. 1/214/2020), provides in sub-section 1.7 that “night work of seafarers under the age of 18 shall be prohibited unless the effective training of the seafarers concerned would be impaired or the specific nature of the duty or a recognized training programme requires that the seafarers covered by this exception perform duties at night and it has been determined that the work will not be detrimental to their health or well-being.” The Committee also notes that draft Regulation on carrying out inspection for seafarers’ working and living conditions on board provides in sub-section 7.6 that the employer shall be liable to not allow seafarers under the age of 18 to work on board for long periods and not to assign night work in accordance with Standard A1.1 of the MLC, 2006. While noting this information, the Committee recalls that the responsibility of authorizing strict exceptions to the night work restriction lies with the competent authority and not the shipowner in accordance with Standard A1.1, paragraph 3(b) of the Convention, which requires that “the authority determines, after consultation with the shipowners’ and seafarers’ organizations concerned, that the work will not be detrimental to their health or well-being”. The Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures taken or envisaged to ensure that exceptions to night work are only allowed in conformity with the Convention.

Regulation 1.2 and the Code. Medical certificate. The Committee previously noted that the applicable legislation is silent with regard to: (i) the requirement that duly qualified practitioners must enjoy full professional independence in exercising their medical judgement in undertaking medical examination procedures (Standard A1.2, paragraph 4); (ii) the opportunity for seafarers, who have been refused a certificate or have had a limitation imposed on their ability to work, to have a further examination by another independent medical practitioner or by an independent medical referee (Standard A1.2, paragraph 5); (iii) the requirement that the maximum period of validity of the medical certificate shall be one year for seafarers under the age of 18 (Standard A1.2, paragraph 7); (iv) the permission for seafarers to work without a valid medical certificate in urgent cases (Standard A1.2, paragraph 8); (v) the circumstance when the period of validity of a medical certificate expires in the course of a voyage (Standard A1.2, paragraph 9); and (vi) the requirement that medical certificates must as a minimum be provided in English (Standard A1.2, paragraph 10). The Committee requested the Government to indicate the measures taken or envisaged to give effect to these requirements of the Convention. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that paragraph 2 of article 10 of the Constitution of Mongolia provides that “Mongolia fulfils in good faith its obligations under international treaties to which it is a Party” and that paragraph 3 of Article 10 provides that “The international treaties to which Mongolia is a Party become effective as domestic legislation upon the entry into force of the laws on their ratification or accession”. While noting this information, the Committee observes that the Government has not provided detailed information on how it gives effect to the specific requirements of Standard A1.2, and how the said requirements are implemented in practice. The Committee accordingly requests the Government to take the necessary measures to give effect to the different requirements of Standard A1.2 of the Convention.

Regulation 1.4 and the Code. Recruitment and placement. The Committee previously requested the Government to indicate whether there is an established system for the operation of private seafarer recruitment or placement services in its territory or whether shipowners of ships that fly its flag use seafarer recruitment and placement services based in foreign countries or territories. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that there are no public or private services operating in Mongolia without providing information on the use of seafarers recruitment and placement services based in other countries. The Committee recalls that when using recruitment and placement of seafarers operating in countries or territories in which the Convention does not apply, shipowners of ships flying the Mongolian flag must ensure, as far as practicable, that those services meet the requirements of the MLC, 2006 (Standard A1.4, paragraph 9). The Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures taken or envisaged to give effect to this requirement of the Convention.

Regulation 2.1 and the Code. Seafarers’ employment agreements. The Committee previously noted that the Government has not provided information on the national legislation giving effect to the provisions of the Convention with respect to seafarers’ employment agreements (SEAs). In this regard, the Committee notes that the Labour Code, 1999 does not give effect to the detailed requirements of the Convention and that its provisions are of general application and do not take into account the specificities of the maritime sector. The Committee further notes that the Government has provided an example of a SEA for Vietnamese vessels registered with the Mongolian ship Registry Agency. The provisions of the SEA implement a number of requirements of the MLC, 2006, via Vietnamese legislation. The Committee observes however that the matters included in the SEA have not been included in Mongolian laws or regulations, as required by the Convention. The Committee recalls that the terms and conditions for employment of seafarers on board ships flying its flag shall be subject to Mongolia’s national laws and regulations. Noting that seafarers working on board ships flying the flag of Mongolia are in at least one instance subject to foreign national provisions based on the origin of the vessels, the Committee recalls that the implementation of Regulation 2.1 and the Code is a central element to ensure that seafarers benefit from the protection provided by the Convention and therefore requests the Government to adopt the necessary measures without delay to give full effect to these provisions of the Convention, both in law and in practice. The Committee also reiterates its previous request to the Government to clarify the legal status of the Articles of Agreement (which are apparently not binding) and explain the relationship with the SEA.

Regulations 2.1 and 2.2 and Standards A2.1, paragraph 7 and Standard A2.2, paragraph 7. Seafarers’ employment agreements and wages. Captivity as a result of acts of piracy or armed robbery against ships. In relation to the 2018 amendments to the Code, the Committee draws the Government’s attention to the following questions included in the revised report form for the Convention: (a) do laws or regulations provide that a seafarer’s employment agreement shall continue to have effect while the seafarer is held captive on or off the ship as a result of acts of piracy or armed robbery against ships?; (b) how are the terms piracy and armed robbery against ships defined under national legislation? (Standard A2.1, paragraph 7); and (c) do laws or regulations provide that wages and other entitlements under the seafarers’ employment agreement, relevant collective bargaining agreement or applicable national laws, including the remittance of any allotments, shall continue to be paid during the entire period of captivity and until the seafarer is released and duly repatriated or, where the seafarer dies while in captivity, until the date of death in accordance with national legislation? (Standard A2.2, paragraph 7). The Committee requests the Government to reply to the abovementioned questions, indicating in each case the applicable national provisions.

Regulation 2.2 and Standard A2.2, paragraphs 3, 4 and 5. Wages. Allotments. Noting that the Articles of Agreement state that a portion of a seafarer’s earnings may be allotted to his/her family if the master and the seafarer agree, the Committee observed that this would imply that the allotment of the seafarer’s wages has to be agreed by both the master and the seafarer. The Committee recalled that Standard A2.2, paragraphs 3 and 4 does not provide for the prior authorization by the master for seafarers to transmit their earnings to their family and requested the Government to indicate the measures to ensure conformity with Standard A2.2, paragraphs 3 and 4. The Committee also requested the Government to indicate how effect is given to the requirement of Standard A2.2, paragraph 5 that any charge for this service is reasonable in amount and the rate of currency exchange, unless otherwise provided, is, in accordance with national laws or regulations, at the prevailing market rate or the official published rate and not unfavourable to the seafarer. In the absence of information in this regard, the Committee once again requests the Government to indicate the measures envisaged or adopted to give effect to Standard A2.2.

Regulation 2.3 and Standard A2.3, paragraphs 5, 6 and 13. Hours of work and hours of rest. Division of hours of rest. Noting that the national provisions do not provide for minimum hours of rest of less than 77 hours in any seven-day period, as required under Standard A2.3, paragraph 5(b)(ii), the Committee requested the Government to indicate the measures taken or envisaged to modify its legislation in order to ensure that effect is given to this requirement of the Convention. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that Marine Circular No. 1/214/2020 gives effect to the requirements for minimum hours of rest on board Mongolian vessels in sub-sections 1.4.1 and 1.4.2 by providing that the minimum hours of rest shall not be less than 10 hours in any 24-hour period, which may be divided into no more than two periods – one of which shall be at least 6 hours in length, and no more than 14 hours between consecutive periods; and 77 hours in any 7-day period. While observing that Marine Circular No. 1/214/2020 does not provide for exceptions to the limits set out in Standard A2.3, paragraphs 5 and 6, the Committee notes that Marine Circular 1/213/2020 on principles of watchkeeping provides that the hours of rest may be divided into no more than two periods, one of which shall be at least six hours in length; and that during overriding operational conditions, the minimum period of ten hours may be reduced to a minimum of six consecutive hours on condition that any such reduction shall not extend beyond two days and not less than seventy hours of rest are provided in each seven day period. Exceptions to the established limits on hours of work or the minimum hours of rest are also provided for in Regulation 59(3)(c)(iii) of the Merchant Shipping (certification and Manning) Rules, 2003. The Committee recalls that the limits on hours of work or rest shall not exceed those established under Standard A2.3, paragraph 5, and that any exceptions to paragraphs 5 and 6 of this Standard which do not fall within those covered by paragraph 14 (immediate safety of the ship, persons on board or cargo, or assistance to other ships or persons in distress at sea), including those provided for in the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW), as amended, must follow the requirements of Standard A2.3, paragraph 13, and be provided by collective agreements. The Committee therefore requests the Government to indicate if any exceptions to the minimum hours of rest for watchkeepers have been permitted up to this date and to indicate the measures taken or envisaged to ensure that any exceptions to the provisions set out in Standard A2.3, paragraphs 5 and 6, other than those justified under paragraph 14 of the same Standard, are only provided through a collective agreement, and not fixed by law, as required by Standard A2.3, paragraph 13.

Regulation 2.3 and Standard A2.3, paragraph 14. Hours of work and hours of rest. Immediate safety and distress at sea. Noting that the Articles of Agreement provide that work performed in excess of eight hours per day shall not be compensated for when necessary for the safety of the vessel, its passengers, officers, crew, cargo or for the saving of other vessels, lives or cargo, or for the performance of fire, lifeboat or other emergency drills, the Committee requested the Government to indicate the steps taken or envisaged to ensure compliance with the requirement of Standard A2.3, paragraph 14 that as soon as practicable after the normal situation has been restored, the master shall ensure that any seafarer who has performed work in a scheduled rest period is provided with an adequate period of rest. The Committee notes that subsection 1.8 of Marine Circular No. 1/214/2020 gives effect to this requirement of the Convention. The Committee takes note of this information, which addresses its previous request.

Regulation 2.4 and Standard A2.4, paragraphs 1 and 2. Entitlement to leave. Noting that the provisions in the Labour Code, 1999 do not give effect to the requirements of Regulation 2.4, paragraph 2 (seafarers to be granted appropriate shore leave), nor Standard A2.4, paragraph 2 (annual leave with pay entitlement to be calculated on the basis of a minimum of 2.5 calendar days per month of employment), the Committee requested the Government to indicate the measures taken or envisaged to take account of the special needs of seafarers with respect to leave and ensure conformity with these requirements of the Convention. Noting that the Government did not provide an answer on this point, the Committee reiterates its request to the Government to adopt the necessary measures to ensure that its laws and regulations determine the minimum standards for annual leave for seafarers serving on ships that fly its flag.

Regulation 2.4 and Standard A2.4, paragraph 3. Entitlement to leave. Prohibition of agreements to forgo annual leave. The Committee previously noted that section 79 of the Labour Code, 1999, states that an employee who has not taken his or her annual vacation due to an unavoidable work need, may be paid monetary remuneration instead and that the procedure for paying compensation shall be governed by the collective agreement or by the employer’s decision in case there is no collective agreement. Recalling that Standard A2.4, paragraph 3, prohibits any agreement to forgo the minimum annual leave with pay, except in cases provided for by the competent authority, the Committee requested the Government to indicate the measures taken or envisaged to give full effect to Standard A2.4, paragraph 3. Noting that the Government has not provided information in this regard, the Committee therefore once again requests the Government to indicate the measures taken to give effect to Standard A2.4, paragraph 3.

Regulation 2.5 and Standard A2.5.1, paragraphs 1 and 2 (a). Repatriation. Circumstances. While noting that the model SEA provided by the Government seems to cover the circumstances under which seafarers are entitled to repatriation in accordance with Standard A2.5.1, paragraphs 1, the Committee observes that the terms and conditions of employment included in the SEA are subject to foreign legislation. The Committee further notes that there does not seem to be any other relevant provisions in Mongolia’s laws and regulations or other measures or in collective bargaining agreements regulating the repatriation of seafarers. In the absence of detailed information in this regard, the Committee requests the Government to take the necessary measures to ensure that there are appropriate provisions in its laws and regulations or other measures or in collective bargaining agreements prescribing the circumstances in which seafarers are entitled to repatriation in accordance with Standard A2.5.1, paragraphs 1 and 2(a).

Regulation 2.5 and Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 2(b). Repatriation. Maximum period of service on board. The Committee observes that the model SEA provides that the maximum period of service following which the seafarer will be entitled to repatriation at no cost is 12 months. The Committee also notes that the terms of the contract are entered into for 10 months from the date of joining the vessel and that this term may be increased or decreased by two months. The Committee recalls that from the combined reading of Standard A2.4, paragraph 3, on annual leave, and Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 2(b), on repatriation, it flows that the maximum continuous period of shipboard service without leave is, in principle, 11 months. The Committee requests the Government to adopt measures without delay to ensure that the maximum continuous period of service on a ship without leave is limited to 11 months, including in the event of the terms of the contract being extended.

Regulation 2.5 and Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 2(c). Repatriation. Entitlements. In the absence of clear information from the reading of the model SEA and the Articles of Agreement as to the items of expense (including accommodation and food) to be covered by the shipowner in the case of repatriation, the Committee requested the Government to indicate what are the precise entitlements to be accorded by shipowners for repatriation, as required by Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 2(c). The Committee also requested the Government to indicate how, in relation with the place of repatriation, it has given due consideration to Guideline B2.5.1, paragraphs 6 and 7, according to which seafarers should have the right to choose from among the prescribed destinations the place to which they are to be repatriated. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that Article 21.2 of the draft Maritime Law provides that the shipowner shall be liable via insurance services for the expenses related to wages for crew of vessels, any other payments to them and repatriation cost to their home country. While noting this information, the Committee notes that there is no precise indication as to what the costs to be borne by the shipowner for repatriation of seafarers should entail. The Committee recalls that Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 2(c) provides that each Member shall ensure that there are appropriate provisions in its laws and regulations or other measures or collective bargaining agreements, prescribing the precise entitlements to be accorded by shipowners for repatriation. Furthermore, the Committee recalls that under Guideline B2.5.1, paragraphs 6 and 7, seafarers should have the right to choose the place to which they are to be repatriated among: the place at which they entered into the agreement; the place stipulated in collective agreement; the country of residence; or the place agreed upon at the time of engagement. The Committee requests the Government to adopt the necessary measures to give effect to these provisions of the Convention regarding the precise entitlements to be accorded by shipowners for repatriation.

Regulation 2.5 and Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 3. Repatriation. Prohibition of advance payment and to recover costs from seafarers. The Committee previously noted that the model SEA states that a seafarer may not be entitled to repatriation at the expense of the shipowner in circumstances where he/she has been dismissed on disciplinary grounds or has breached his/her obligations under the SEA. In such circumstances the shipowner will be still liable to repatriate him/her but is entitled to recover, from any wages due to the seafarer, the cost of doing so. Recalling that the possibility provided by the Convention to recover the cost of the repatriation from the seafarer is conditioned to a finding of serious default of the seafarer’s employment obligations, in accordance with national laws or regulations or other measures of applicable collective bargaining agreements, the Committee requested the Government to indicate how it ensures that seafarers only pay the costs of repatriation where they have been found to be in serious default of their obligations, pursuant to the conditions set out in Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 3, and to indicate the procedure to be followed and the standard of proof to be applied before a seafarer can be found to be in serious default. Noting that no information has been provided in this respect, the Committee reiterates its previous request.

Regulation 2.5 and Standard A2.5.2. Repatriation. Financial security. In relation to the 2014 amendments to the Code of the Convention, the Committee recalls that, pursuant to Standard A2.5.2, the Government shall ensure the provision of an expeditious and effective financial security system to assist seafarers in case of their abandonment. It notes with interest that Marine Circular No. 1/198/2020 on the amendments of 2014 to the MLC, 2006, regarding new compulsory financial requirements pertaining to the repatriation of abandoned seafarers and work injury compensation gives effect to the requirements of Standard A2.5.2. The Committee takes note of this information.

Regulation 2.6 and Standard A2.6, paragraph 1. Compensation for the ship’s loss or foundering. Unemployment indemnity. Noting the Government’s indication that Regulation 2.6 and Standard A2.6 are implemented through protection provided by insurance companies, the Committee requested the Government to indicate how effect is given to the requirement that seafarers be entitled to adequate compensation in the case of injury, loss or unemployment arising from the ship’s loss or foundering, as required by Regulation 2.6, paragraph 1. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that article 6.4 of the model SEA provided by the Government states that seafarers are entitled to receive from the shipowner compensation for any unemployment resulting from the loss of the ship or its foundering and shall be paid for every day of effective unemployment, in accordance with the wages payable pursuant to the SEA. Shipowners may limit the total amount of compensation payable to seafarers to an amount no over three months of basic wage. Noting that the terms and conditions of the SEA provided by the Government are regulated by foreign legislation, the Committee recalls that each Member shall make rules ensuring that in every case of loss or foundering of any ship, the shipowner shall pay to each seafarer on board an indemnity against unemployment arising from such loss or foundering and requests the Government to indicate how it ensures that the protection of Standard A2.6 of the Convention benefit all seafarers working on board vessels registered with Mongolia’s Ship Registry who may be subject to various foreign provisions.

Regulation 3.1 and the Code. Accommodation and recreational facilities. Noting the absence of reference to national legislation or regulations, the Committee requested the Government to specify the legislative or regulatory provisions with respect to accommodation and recreational activities and to provide detailed information on the provisions implementing the different requirements of Standard A3.1. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that paragraph 31.5 of the draft Maritime Law provides that a Flag state inspector or surveyor shall conduct inspection and surveys on labour conditions of crew, accommodation to live and work, supply of provisions, protection of health, medical aid and service as well as equipment of safe operations along with verifying certificate of competency granted to seafarer. The Committee further observes that the draft Regulation on carrying out inspection for seafarers’ working and living conditions on board, as well as the draft Regulation on Flag State Inspection and Survey state that inspections shall be carried in relation to the rest and accommodation area’s interior, general condition, cleaning, insulation and isolation. While noting this information, the Committee observes the absence of detailed requirements and recalls that Standard A3.1 provides that each Member shall adopt laws and regulations requiring that ships that fly its flag meet minimum standards respecting accommodation and recreational facilities and are inspected to ensure initial and ongoing compliance with these standards. The Committee requests the Government to adopt laws and regulations without delay in accordance with Regulation 3.1 and the Code and to provide information on this subject.

Regulation 3.2 and the Code. Food and catering. Noting the absence of information on any detailed standards regarding food and catering, the Committee requested the Government to indicate how it gives effect to the different requirements of Standard A3.2. The Committee notes that the draft Regulation on carrying out inspection for seafarers’ working and living conditions on board provides in paragraphs 8.2 et seq. that inspection shall be carried out on crew’s working place, recreational facility and safety equipment, such as whether the drinking water and water supply management is sufficient and with respect to the general and hygienic condition of mess room, galley, food storage and sanitation of kitchen hood and oil filter. The Committee observes however that these provisions are silent with respect to a number of other requirements of Standard A3.2 and recalls that each Member shall adopt laws or regulations or other measures to provide minimum standards for the quantity and quality of food and drinking water and for the catering standards that apply to meals provided for seafarers on board ships that fly its flag. The Committee therefore requests the Government to indicate the measures envisaged or taken to give effect to the provisions of the Convention to ensure that: (i) ships that fly its flag meet the minimum standards with respect to food and drink supplies, having regard to the number of seafarers on board, their religious requirements and cultural practices and the duration and nature of the voyage (Standard A3.2, paragraph 2(a)); (ii) the organization and equipment of the catering department shall be such as to permit the provision to the seafarers of adequate, varied and nutritious meals prepared and served in hygienic conditions (Standard A3.2, paragraph 2(b)); (iii) catering staff shall be properly trained or instructed for their position (Standard A3.2, paragraph 2(c)); (iv) all ships operating with a prescribed manning of more than ten carry a fully qualified cook (Standard A3.2, paragraph 5); (v) in circumstances of exceptional necessity, the limitation of a dispensation permitting a non-fully qualified cook to service in a specified ship only until the next convenient port of call or for a period not exceeding one month (Standard A3.2, paragraph 6); and (vi) documented inspections are carried out in scheduled frequency, in accordance with the ongoing compliance procedure under Title 5 (Standard A3.2, paragraph 7).

Regulation 4.1 and the Code. Medical care on board and ashore. The Committee requested the Government to indicate the measures taken or envisaged to give full effect to the requirements of Regulation 4.1 and Standard A4.1. The Committee observes that section 9 of the Mongolia Merchant Shipping (Certification & Manning) Rules, 2003 provides that a qualified medical practitioner shall be carried on every foreign-going ship having 100 persons or more on board as part of her complement. It further notes that the model SEA states that “If the seafarer requires medical care while on-board this will be provided free of charge, including access to necessary medicines, medical equipment and facilities for diagnosis and treatment and medical information and expertise. Where practicable and appropriate, the seafarer will be given leave to visit a qualified medical doctor or dentists in ports of call for the purpose of obtaining treatment and notice must be sent to owner in writing.” The Committee observes that there does not seem to be any other national provisions prescribing the requirements for medical care on board ship and ashore. In the absence of more detailed provisions, the Committee recalls that Standard A4.1 requires the adoption of measures to ensure that seafarers are given health protection and medical care. The Committee therefore requests the Government to adopt the necessary measures to give effect to the requirements of Regulation 4.1 and Standard A4.1 of the Convention.

Regulation 4.2 and the Code. Shipowners’ liability. The Committee previously noted that the model SEA implements some requirements of Standard A4.2.1 regarding the right of the seafarer to material assistance and support with respect to the financial consequences, including burial expenses, of sickness, injury or death occurring while serving under seafarers’ employment agreements or arising from their employment under such agreements. Noting however that the Government has not adopted legal provisions in this regard as required by Standard A4.2.1, paragraphs 1–4, the Committee requested it to indicate the laws or regulations adopted or envisaged to give effect to these requirements of the Convention. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that Paragraph 21.2 and Sub-paragraph 21.2.2 of the draft Maritime Law provide that the shipowner shall involve following expenditures into the insurance services, including lives and health of captain and crewmen of vessel. Noting however that the provisions of the draft Maritime Law provide for the shipowner’s liability in general terms without giving effect to the detailed requirements of Regulation 4.2 and the Code, the Committee reiterates its previous request.

Regulation 4.2 and Standard A4.2.1, paragraph 7. Shipowners’ liability. Safeguarding of property left on board. The Committee previously noted that while the model SEA refers to the return of the property of the seafarer to his/her next of kin in the event of death, there is no reference to the safeguard of the seafarer’s property in the event also of injury or sickness as provided for under Standard A4.2.1, paragraph 7. The Committee requested the Government to indicate how full effect is given to this provision of the Convention. Noting the absence of information in this respect, the Committee reiterates its previous request.

Regulation 4.2, Standard A4.2.1, paragraphs 8 to 14, and Standard A4.2.2. Shipowners’ liability. Financial security. In relation to the 2014 amendments to the Code of the Convention, the Committee recalls that pursuant to Standards A4.2.1 and A4.2.2, national laws and regulations shall provide that the financial security system to assure compensation in the event of the death or long-term disability of seafarers due to an occupational injury, illness or hazard meet certain minimum requirements. In this regard, the Committee notes with interest the Government’s indication that Marine Circular No. 1/198/2020 on the amendments of 2014 to the MLC, 2006, regarding new compulsory financial requirements pertaining to the repatriation of abandoned seafarers and work injury compensation, complies with the new provisions of the Convention. The Committee takes note of this information.

Regulation 4.3 and the Code. Health and safety protection and accident prevention. Noting that the Government has not provided detailed information on any national laws and regulations and other measures, including the development and promulgation of national guidelines for the management of occupational safety and health, taken to protect seafarers that live, work and train on board ships flying its flag, the Committee requested the Government to explain how it gives effect to the detailed requirements of Regulation 4.3 and Standard A4.3. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that Article 21.1.1 of the draft Maritime Law with respect to obligations pertaining to the labour relations of crewmen on-board provides that the shipowner shall ensure occupational safety. The Committee further observes that the draft Regulation on carrying out inspection for seafarers’ working and living conditions on board states that the employer shall be liable: (i) to take measures for providing and maintaining occupational health, safety working and living workplace, ensuring safety and comfortable condition of living room and providing good quality of food, equipment, recourse and tools (paragraph 7.2); (ii) to pay special attention to the health of seafarers (paragraph 7.3); (iii) to pay seafarers’ salary and rewards in timely manner in accordance with the relevant employment agreement (paragraph 7.4); and (iv) to take control over the working condition, occupational safety of seafarers and safety rules (paragraph 7.5). The Committee however notes that these draft provisions are of a general nature and that they do not cover all the requirements under Regulation 4.3 and Standard A4.3. The Committee therefore requests the Government to provide detailed information on the following: (i) development of national guidelines for the management of occupational safety and health on board ships, taking into account applicable codes, guidelines and standards recommended by international organizations, national administrations and maritime industry organizations (Regulation 4.3, paragraph (2); (ii) adoption of laws and other measures for effective implementation and promotion of occupational safety and health policies and programmes on ships, including training and instruction of seafarers (Standard A4.3, paragraph 1(a)); (iii) laws and regulations and other measures specific to maritime employment addressing all matters in Standard A4.3, paragraphs 1 and 2, and in particular measures taken to protect seafarers under the age of 18 (Standard A4.3, paragraph 2(b)) and obligation to establish ship’s safety committee on board a ship with five or more seafarers (Standard A4.3, paragraph 2(d)); and (iv) manner in which occupational accidents and diseases relating to seafarers covered by the Convention are reported and investigated, and statistics in that regard are published (Standard A4.3, paragraph 5).

Regulation 4.5 and the Code. Social security. In its previous comment, the Committee requested the Government to specify the legislative or regulatory provisions that provide protection in the branches of social security specified at the time of ratification (medical care, sickness benefit and employment injury benefit) for seafarers ordinarily resident in Mongolia and, to the extent provided for in its national law, their dependants. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that there are no resident seafarers in Mongolia. The Committee further observes that the Government has not provided information on its obligation, under Standard A4.5, paragraph 6, to give consideration to the various ways in which comparable benefits will, in accordance with national law and practice, be provided to seafarers on board ships that fly its flag, in the absence of adequate social security coverage. The Committee recalls that although the primary obligation rests with the Member in which the seafarer is ordinarily resident, Standard A4.5, paragraph 6, provides that Members have an obligation to give consideration to the various ways in which comparable benefits will, in accordance with national law and practice, be provided to seafarers in the absence of adequate coverage in the applicable branches of social security. The Committee therefore requests the Government, once again, to provide information on any measures adopted or envisaged to give effect to Standard A4.5, paragraph 6.

Regulation 5.1.1 and the Code. Flag State responsibilities. General principles. The Committee previously requested the Government to provide detailed information on the ship inspection and certification system set up to ensure implementation of its obligations under this Convention on ships that fly its flag. The Committees notes the Government’s indication that article 20 of the draft Maritime Law provides that the living and working conditions on board ships flying Mongolia’s flag shall be regulated in national laws and regulations and inspected by flag state inspectors to verify compliance with the Law on Labour of Mongolia, the MLC, 2006 and the STCW. The Committee also takes note of the draft Regulation on carrying out inspection for seafarers’ working and living conditions on board, which prescribes how inspections by the Flag state are conducted to ensure whether the crew of the vessels registered under the ship registry of Mongolia are being paid, taking annual leave and fully provided with working and living conditions in accordance with the MLC, 2006. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on any development with respect to the adoption of these texts and to provide a copy of the texts once adopted.

Regulation 5.1.2 and the Code. Flag State responsibilities. Authorization of recognized organizations. Noting that the provisions of the Merchant Shipping (Certification and Manning) Rules, 2003, provide that recognized organizations are granted the power to require rectification of deficiencies on ships and to carry out inspections to verify compliance in accordance with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Conventions, the Committee requested the Government to take the necessary measures to ensure that recognized organizations also carry out inspection and certification of seafarers’ working and living conditions in accordance with the MLC, 2006 requirements. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that Article 28 of the draft Maritime Law authorizes recognized organizations to conduct inspections and surveys, including to verify that the shipowner complies with its labour obligations. The Committee further observes that the draft Regulation on carrying out inspection for seafarers’ working and living conditions on board also prescribes in paragraph 4 that the flag state shall carry out inspection of seafarers’ welfare and employment rights for compliance with the MLC, 2006 and that such function can be carried out through recognized organizations authorized by the flag State. The Committee welcomes this information and requests the Government to provide information on the progress made towards the adoption of these new provisions, and to provide a copy of the texts once adopted.

Regulation 5.1.3 and the Code. Flag State responsibilities. Maritime Labour Certificate and the Declaration of Maritime Labour Compliance. The Committee previously noted that the Government has not adopted any laws or regulations implementing the provisions with respect to the Maritime Labour Certificate and the Declaration of Maritime Labour Compliance (DMLC). It further noted that the Government has not provided a copy of the maritime labour certificate and while it has provided a copy of the DMLC, Part I, the document refers for the most part to provisions of IMO Conventions or of the MLC, 2006, without however specifying the relevant national legal provisions. The Committee requested the Government to indicate the measures envisaged to give full effect to Standard A5.1.3 and to amend accordingly the DMLC, Part I, to fully implement Standard A5.1.3, paragraph 10(a), so as to ensure that it provides a reference to the relevant national legal provisions embodying the Convention, and, to the extent necessary, concise information on the main content of the national requirements. While noting that the Government has provided a copy of the maritime labour certificate, the Committee however observes that it does not provide information as to the adoption of any measures to give effect to Regulation 5.1.3 and Standard A5.1.3 with respect to the requirements of the certification of the working and living conditions of seafarers on board in accordance with the Convention. The DMLC, Part I communicated by the Government does not refer as noted previously to the relevant national legal provisions implementing the requirements of the Convention. Noting the absence of information in this regard, the Committee reiterates its previous comment and requests the Government to provide one or more examples of an approved DMLC, Part II.

Regulation 5.1.4 and the Code. Flag State responsibilities. Inspection and enforcement. Noting in particular that there are no national provisions giving effect to the requirements of Regulation 5.1.4 and Standard A5.1.4 to establish an effective and coordinated system of regular inspections to ensure that ships flying Mongolia’s flag comply with the requirements of the Convention, the Committee requested the Government to indicate the measures adopted in this regard. The Committee notes that the draft Regulation on carrying out inspection for seafarers’ working and living conditions on board and the draft Regulation on flag State inspection and survey prescribe the minimum requirements with respect to qualifications and training of flag State inspections and the duties and procedures that inspectors must follow to conduct inspections, as well as the tasks that they shall carry. While noting this information, the Committee however observes that the Government has not provided detailed information on the national measures adopted to give effect to Regulation 5.1.4 and Standard A5.1.4, in particular measures taken to ensure: (i) the intervals at which inspections have to be carried out (Standard A5.1.4, paragraph 4); (ii) the procedures for receiving and investigating complaints (Standard A5.1.4, paragraphs 5, 10, 11(b) and 12); (iii) the penalties to be imposed in case of deficiencies under the Convention (Standard A5.1.4, paragraph 7(c)); and (iv) the compensation to be payable in accordance with national laws and regulations for any loss or damage suffered as a result of the wrongful exercise of the inspectors’ powers (Standard A5.1.4, paragraph 16). The Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures taken to give full effect to these provisions of the Convention.

Regulation 5.1.5 and Standard A5.1.5. Flag State responsibilities. On-board complaint procedures. Noting that the Government has not provided information on how it gives effect to the requirements for on-board complaint procedures, the Committee requested the Government to indicate the measures taken to implement Standard A5.1.5. Noting the absence of reply in the Government’s report, the Committee once again requests the Government to indicate how it gives effect to Standard A5.1.5 on board Mongolian-flagged ships.

[The Government is asked to reply in full to the present comments in 2024.]

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2018, published 108th ILC session (2019)

The Committee notes the Government’s first report on the application of the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, as amended (MLC, 2006). It notes that Mongolia had not ratified any Convention on maritime labour prior to the MLC, 2006. It notes that Mongolia has not submitted a declaration of acceptance of the amendments to the Code of the Convention adopted in 2014 by the International Labour Conference and is therefore not bound by these amendments. Following a first review of the information and documents available, the Committee draws the Government’s attention to the following issues. If considered necessary, the Committee may come back to other matters at a later stage.

Article I of the Convention. General obligations. Implementing measures. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that no specific national measures have yet been adopted to give effect to the Convention and that it is developing new laws and a certification system in line with the Convention. Furthermore, the Committee notes that with respect to a number of requirements set out in Title 2 on conditions of employment, the Government refers to Singaporean Legislation. The Committee has noted the existence of a model seafarers’ employment agreement (SEA) and Articles of agreements which are however not legally binding. The Committee recalls that according to Article I, each Member which ratifies the MLC, 2006 undertakes to give complete effect to its provisions to secure the right of all seafarers to decent employment. The Committee hopes that the Government will make concrete progress in adopting laws and regulations to give effect to the Convention in the near future to ensure compliance with the Convention. In this regard, the Committee reminds the Government that it may avail itself of the technical assistance of the Office.

Article VII. Consultations. The Committee notes that the Government has indicated that there is no seafarers’ organization in Mongolia. The Committee further notes that there are no shipowners’ organization in the country. The Committee recalls that under Article VII of the Convention, any derogation, exemption or other flexible application for which the Convention requires consultations may, where representative organizations of shipowners or of seafarers do not exist within a Member, only be decided through consultation with the Special Tripartite Committee established in accordance with Article XIII of the Convention. The Committee therefore invites the Government to have recourse to the consultative arrangement provided for in Article VII of the Convention.

Regulation 1.1 and Standard A1.1, paragraph 1. Minimum age. The Committee notes that Article 109.1 of the Labour Code 1999, provides that the minimum age for employment is 16 years. It observes, however, that paragraphs 109.2 and 109.3 allow for exceptions, respectively when a person who has attained 15 years of age enters into an employment agreement at the consent of his or her parents or guardians and when a person who has attained 14 years of age enters into an employment agreement for the purpose of acquiring vocational training and work experience, but only with the consent of his or her parents or guardians and approval of the state central administrative body in charge of labour matters. The Committee recalls that Standard A1.1, paragraph 1, provides that the employment, engagement or work on board a ship of any person under the age of 16 shall be prohibited and that no exceptions are permitted in this respect. The Committee requests the Government to take the necessary measures to bring its legislation into conformity with Standard A1.1, paragraph 1, of the Convention.

Regulation 1.1 and Standard A1.1, paragraphs 2 and 3. Minimum age. Night work. The Committee notes that Article 72.1 of the Labour Code, states that the period from 10 p.m. to 6 p.m. shall be considered night hours. The Committee recalls that Standard A1.1, paragraph 2, states that night shall cover a period of at least nine hours, therefore the provisions of the Labour Code are not in conformity with this requirement of the Convention. The Committee requests the Government to take the necessary measures to ensure compliance with Standard A1.1, paragraph 2. The Committee also notes that there are no provisions in the Labour Code prohibiting night work for seafarers under 18 years. While observing that this prohibition is reflected in the Declaration of Maritime Labour Compliance (DMLC), Part I, the Committee also notes that there is no reference to the applicable national legislation. The Committee recalls that Standard A1.1, paragraph 2, provides for the prohibition of night work of seafarers under the age of 18 and that, pursuant to Standard A1.1, paragraph 3, the competent authority may authorize exceptions to this prohibition under specific circumstances. The Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures adopted to ensure compliance with this requirement of the Convention.

Regulation 1.2 and the Code. Medical certificate. The Committee notes that the applicable legislation is silent with regard to: (i) the requirement that duly qualified practitioners must enjoy full professional independence in exercising their medical judgement in undertaking medical examination procedures (Standard A1.2, paragraph 4); (ii) the opportunity for seafarers, who have been refused a certificate or have had a limitation imposed on their ability to work, to have a further examination by another independent medical practitioner or by an independent medical referee (Standard A1.2, paragraph 5); (iii) the requirement that the maximum period of validity of the medical certificate shall be one year for seafarers under the age of 18 (Standard A1.2, paragraph 7); (iv) the permission for seafarers to work without a valid medical certificate in urgent cases (Standard A1.2, paragraph 8); (v) the circumstance when the period of validity of a medical certificate expires in the course of a voyage (Standard A1.2, paragraph 9); and (vi) the requirement that medical certificates must as a minimum be provided in English (Standard A1.2, paragraph 10). The Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures taken or envisaged to give effect to these requirements of the Convention.

Regulation 1.4 and the Code. Recruitment and placement. The Committee observes that the Government has not provided information as to how seafarers are recruited on ships flying Mongolia’s flag. Therefore, the Committee requests the Government to indicate whether there is an established system for the operation of private seafarer recruitment or placement services in its territory or whether shipowners of ships that fly its flag use seafarer recruitment and placement services based in foreign countries or territories. The Committee also requests the Government to provide detailed information on the provisions implementing the relevant requirements of Regulation 1.4 and Standard A1.4.

Regulation 2.1 and the Code. Seafarers’ employment agreements (SEA). The Committee notes that the Government has provided an example of an SEA which refers to the MLC, 2006, and to Singaporean Law. The Committee recalls that obligations under the MLC, 2006, are directed to Member States having ratified the Convention and consequently they are requested to adopt national legislation to ensure that full effect is given to the provisions of the Convention. Recalling the crucial importance of SEAs for seafarers, the Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures taken to ensure the full conformity of the national legislation with Regulation 2.1 and Standard A2.1 (signature by seafarer and shipowner, original copy each, content of the SEA, collective bargaining agreement accessible on board if it forms all or part of the SEA, opportunity to examine and seek advice before signing, record of employment, minimum notice for early termination and shorter notice). The Committee also notes the existence of Articles of Agreement between the master and the seafarers on a Mongolian ship which state that the master of every Mongolia’s ship should enter into an agreement known as Crew Agreement (CA), with every seafarer whom he/she carries to sea. The Committee requests the Government to clarify the legal status of the Articles of Agreement and explain the relationship with the SEA.

Regulation 2.2 and Standard A2.2, paragraphs 3, 4 and 5. Wages. Allotments. The Committee notes that the Articles of Agreement state that a portion of a seafarer’s earnings may be allotted to his/her family if the master and the seafarer agree. It observes that this would imply that the allotment of the seafarer’s wages has to be agreed by both the master and the seafarer. The Committee recalls that Standard A2.2, paragraphs 3 and 4, provides that shipowners shall take measures to ensure that seafarers are able to transmit their earnings to their family and does not provide for authorization by the master. The Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures to ensure conformity with Standard A2.2, paragraphs 3 and 4. The Committee also notes that the Government has not referred to any provisions ensuring that any charge for this service is reasonable in amount and the rate of currency exchange, unless otherwise provided, is, in accordance with national laws or regulations, at the prevailing market rate or the official published rate and not unfavourable to the seafarer (Standard A2.2, paragraph 5). The Committee requests the Government to indicate how effect is given to this requirement of the Convention.

Regulation 2.3 and Standard A2.3, paragraphs 5, 6 and 13. Hours of work and hours of rest. Division of hours of rest. The Committee notes that Regulation 59(3)(c)(iii) of the Merchant Shipping (Certification and Manning Rules, 2003, Maritime Circular No. 09/2016 and the Articles of Agreement provide that seafarers receive a minimum of ten hours of rest in any 24-hour period, which may be divided into no more than two periods, one of which shall be at least six hours in length. However, it observes that these provisions do not provide for minimum hours of rest of less than 77 hours in any seven-day period, as required under Standard A.2.3, paragraph 5(b)(ii). The Committee therefore requests the Government to indicate the measures taken or envisaged to modify its legislation in order to ensure that effect is given to the requirement of ten hours of rest in any 24-hour period and 77 hours in any seven-day period, stated in Standard A2.3, paragraph 5(b)(ii).

Regulation 2.3 and Standard A2.3, paragraph 14. Hours of work and hours of rest. Immediate safety and distress at sea. The Committee notes that paragraph 13 of the Articles of Agreement states that work performed over and above an eight-hour period shall be considered overtime and can be compensated for at overtime rates. However, such work performed in excess of eight hours per day shall not be compensated for when necessary for the safety of the vessel, its passengers, officers, crew, cargo or for the saving of other vessels, lives or cargo, or for the performance of fire, lifeboat or other emergency drills. The Committee notes that the absence of compensatory rest for seafarers once the normal situation has been restored is not in compliance with the requirement of Standard A2.3, paragraph 14. The Committee recalls that pursuant to Standard A2.3, paragraph 14, as soon as practicable after the normal situation has been restored, the master shall ensure that any seafarer who has performed work in a scheduled rest period is provided with an adequate period of rest. Therefore, the Committee requests the Government to indicate the steps taken or envisaged to ensure the application of Standard A2.3, paragraph 14.

Regulation 2.4 and Standard A2.4, paragraphs 1 and 2. Entitlement to leave. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the information on all matters with respect to entitlement to leave is to be found in the model SEA. However, the Committee observes that the model SEA refers to Singaporean Law and not to Mongolia’s laws which should determine the minimum standards for annual leave. The Committee recalls that Standard A2.4, paragraph 1, states that each Member shall adopt laws and regulations determining the minimum standards for annual leave for seafarers serving on ships that fly its flag, taking proper account of the special needs of seafarers with respect to such leave. While there are provisions in the Labour Code, 1999, regarding annual leave, the Committee notes that section 79 states that the basic period of an annual vacation shall be 15 working days, as that additional vacation days shall be given based on the length of employment. The Committee therefore notes that the existing legislation does not give effect to the requirements of Regulation 2.4, paragraph 2 (seafarers to be granted appropriate shore leave), nor Standard A2.4, paragraph 2 (annual leave with pay entitlement to be calculated on the basis of a minimum of 2.5 calendar days per month of employment). The Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures taken or envisaged to ensure conformity with these requirements of the Convention.

Regulation 2.4 and Standard A2.4, paragraph 3. Entitlement to leave. Prohibition of agreements to forgo annual leave. The Committee notes that while the model SEA prohibits payment to be made in lieu of untaken leave except where paid annual leave has accrued but has not been taken at the date of termination of employment, section 79 of the Labour Code, 1999, states that an employee who has not taken his or her annual vacation due to an unavoidable work need, may be paid monetary remuneration instead. The procedure for paying compensation shall be governed by the collective agreement or by the employer’s decision in case there is no collective agreement. The Committee recalls that Standard A2.4, paragraph 3, prohibits any agreement to forgo the minimum annual leave with pay, except in cases provided for by the competent authority. The Committee recalls the fundamental importance of paid annual leave to protect the health and well-being of seafarers and to prevent fatigue. The Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures taken or envisaged to give full effect to Standard A2.4, paragraph 3.

Regulation 2.4, paragraph 2. Entitlement to leave. Shore leave. The Committee notes that there are no provisions implementing Regulation 2.4, paragraph 2, according to which seafarers shall be granted shore leave to benefit their health and well-being and consistent with the operational requirement of their positions. The Committee requests the Government to take the necessary measures to give effect to this provision of the Convention.

Regulation 2.5 and the Code. Repatriation. The Committee notes that the Government has not indicated the kind of financial security that must be provided by ships flying its flag to cover the right of repatriation, in application of Regulation 2.5, paragraph 2. The Committee requests the Government to provide information in this regard. The Committee also notes that the model SEA and the Articles of Agreement contain provisions specifying the circumstances in which a seafarer has the right to repatriation, however the circumstance provided for under Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 1(a), according to which a seafarer is entitled to repatriation if the SEA expired while they are abroad is not covered. The Committee requests the Government to indicate how effect is given to this provision of the Convention. The Committee further notes that the model SEA refers to the Singaporean Regulation on repatriation which shall be made available to seafarers on board the ship. The Committee recalls that Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 2, provides that Members shall ensure that there are appropriate provisions in its laws and regulations or other measures or in collective bargaining agreements on repatriation, therefore, the obligation to adopt such measures fall with Member States. The Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures taken to ensure conformity with the Convention.

Regulation 2.5 and Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 2(c). Repatriation. Entitlements. The Committee notes that there are provisions in the model SEA and the Articles of Agreement on the destination of repatriation, the mode of transport and the baggage allowance, however there are no provisions on the items of expense to be covered. The Committee recalls that Guideline B2.5.1, paragraph 3, states that the costs to be borne by the shipowner for repatriation, should include accommodation and food, as well as pay and allowances. The Committee requests the Government to indicate what are the precise entitlements to be accorded by shipowners for repatriation, as required by Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 2(c).

The Committee also notes that the Articles of Agreement state that a seafarer who is put ashore at a port other than the one where he/she signed on these Articles, and who is put ashore for reasons for which he/she is not responsible, shall be returned as a seafarer or otherwise, but without expense to him/her: (a) at the shipowner’s option, to the port in which he/she was engaged or where the voyage commenced or to a port in such seafarer’s own country; or (b) to another port agreed upon between the seafarer and the shipowner or master. A seafarer whose period of employment is terminated by reason of completion of the voyage for which he/she was engaged or of expiration of his/her contract period of employment, shall be entitled to repatriation at no expense to him/her to the port at which he/she was engaged or to such other port as may be agreed upon. The Committee recalls that under Guideline B2.5.1, paragraphs 6 and 7, seafarers should have the right to choose the place to which they are to be repatriated among: the place at which they entered into the agreement; the place stipulated in collective agreement; the country of residence; or the place agreed upon at the time of engagement. Therefore, the Committee requests the Government to indicate how, in relation with the place of repatriation, it has given due consideration to Guideline B2.5.1, paragraphs 6 and 7.

Regulation 2.5 and Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 3. Repatriation. Prohibition of advance payment and to recover costs from seafarers. The Committee notes that the model SEA states that a seafarer may not be entitled to repatriation at the expense of the shipowner in circumstances where he/she has been dismissed on disciplinary grounds or has breached his/her obligations under the SEA. In such circumstances the shipowner will be still liable to repatriate him/her but is entitled to recover, from any wages due to the seafarer, the cost of doing so. In this regard, the Committee recalls that Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 3, prohibits shipowners from recovering the cost of repatriation from the seafarer’s wages or other entitlements except where the seafarer has been found, in accordance with national laws or regulations, other measures, or applicable collective bargaining agreements, to be in serious default of the seafarer’s employment obligations. It emphasizes that the possibility provided by the Convention to recover the cost of the repatriation from the seafarer is conditioned to a finding of serious default of the seafarer’s employment obligations, in accordance with national laws or regulations or other measures of applicable collective bargaining agreements. Observing that the breach of a provision of a contract or the dismissal of a seafarer on disciplinary grounds could allow the shipowner to recover the cost of repatriation, the Committee requests the Government to indicate how it ensures that seafarers only pay the costs of repatriation where they have been found to be in serious default of their obligations, pursuant to the conditions set out in Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 3, and to indicate the procedure to be followed and the standard of proof to be applied before a seafarer can be found to be in serious default.

Regulation 2.6 and Standard A2.6, paragraph 1. Compensation for the ship’s loss or foundering. Unemployment indemnity. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that Regulation 2.6 and Standard A2.6 are implemented through protection provided by insurance companies. In the absence of further information, the Committee requests the Government to indicate how effect is given to this provision of the Convention.

Regulation 3.1 and the Code. Accommodation and recreational facilities. While noting that the DMLC, Part I, provided by the Government contains requirements on accommodation and recreational activities, the Committee notes that there is no reference to national legislation or regulations. In the absence of information, the Committee requests the Government to specify the legislative or regulatory provisions with respect to accommodation and recreational activities and to provide detailed information on the provisions implementing the different requirements of Standard A3.1.

Regulation 3.2 and the Code. Food and Catering. The Committee notes that the Government has not provided information on any detailed standards regarding food and catering. In the absence of information, the Committee requests the Government to indicate how it gives effect to the different requirements of Standard A3.2.

Regulation 4.1 and the Code. Medical care on board and ashore. The Committee notes that the Government has not provided information with regard to: (i) the application to seafarers of any general provisions on occupational health protection and medical care relevant to their duties, as well as of special provisions specific to work on board ships (Standard A4.1, paragraph 1(a)); (ii) the right to visit a qualified medical doctor or dentist without delay in port of call, where practicable (Standard A4.1, paragraph 1(c)); (iii) the cost of medical care provided to seafarers when landed in a foreign port (Standard A4.1, paragraph 1(d)); (iv) requirements for on-board hospital and medical care facilities and equipment and training on ships that fly its flag (Standard A4.1, paragraph 3); (v) requirements regarding medicine chest, medical equipment and a medical guide, the specifics of which shall be prescribed and subject to regular inspection by the competent authority (Standard A4.1, paragraph 4(a)); (vi) requirement for ships which do not carry a medical doctor to have either at least one seafarer on board who is in charge of medical care and administering medicine as part of their regular duties or at least one seafarer on board competent to provide medical first aid (Standard A4.1, paragraph 4(c)); and (vii) medical advice provided by radio or satellite communication (Standard A4.1, paragraph 4(d)). The Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures taken or envisaged to give effect to these requirements of the Convention.

Regulation 4.2 and the Code. Shipowners’ liability. The Committee notes that the model SEA contains provisions according to which seafarers should be provided with material assistance and support with respect to the financial consequences, including burial expenses, of sickness, injury or death occurring while serving under seafarers’ employment agreements or arising from their employment under such agreements (Standard A4.2.1, paragraphs 1 and 3). It also observes that the SEA limits to 16 weeks minimum the period during which a shipowner will continue to be liable to cover medical and other expenses incurred due to the seafarer’s injury or sickness and to pay wages to the seafarers when no longer on board (Standard A4.2.1, paragraphs 2 and 4). However, the Committee notes that the Government has not adopted legal provisions in this regard as required by Standard A4.2.1, paragraphs 1–4. The Committee requests the Government to indicate the laws or regulations adopted or envisaged to give effect to these requirements of the Convention.

Regulation 4.2 and Standard A4.2.1, paragraph 7. Shipowners’ liability. Safeguarding of property left on board. The Committee notes that the model SEA refers to the return of the property of the seafarer to his/her next of kin in the event of death. However, there is no reference to the safeguard of the seafarer’s property in the event of injury or sickness. The Committee requests the Government to indicate how full effect is given to this provision of the Convention.

Regulation 4.3 and the Code. Health and safety protection and accident prevention. The Committee notes that the Government has not provided detailed information on any national laws and regulations and other measures, including the development and promulgation of national guidelines for the management of occupational safety and health, taken to protect seafarers that live, work and train on board ships flying its flag. While noting that the Labour Code, 1999, has provisions on labour conditions, safety and sanitary standards, the Committee observes that they do not specifically address occupational safety and health (OSH) on board ships and therefore do not fully ensure the implementation of the detailed provisions of Regulation 4.3. The Committee requests the Government to explain how it gives effect to the detailed requirements of Regulation 4.3 and Standard A4.3.

Regulation 4.5 and the Code. Social security. The Committee notes that, upon ratification of the Convention, Mongolia specified that the branches for which it provides social security protection to seafarers in accordance with Standard A4.5, paragraphs 2 and 10, are: medical care, sickness benefit and employment injury benefit. The Committee notes that the Government has not provided information with respect to the national provisions implementing the requirements of Standard A4.5, including details of the benefits provided under the medical care, the sickness and employment injury branches. The Committee requests the Government to specify the legislative or regulatory provisions that give effect to this requirement.

Regulation 4.5, paragraph 1. Social security. Coverage for dependants of seafarers. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that dependants of seafarers ordinarily resident in Mongolia are not provided with social security protection. The Committee may want to recall that if national provisions extend social security benefits to dependants of workers, then these national provisions should also be provided to seafarers ordinarily resident in Mongolia, as provided for in Regulation 4.5, paragraph 1. The Committee requests the Government to indicate whether dependants of shore workers are provided with social security protection (e.g. medical care benefits for spouses and children).

Regulation A4.5 and Standard A4.5, paragraph 6. Social Security. Comparable benefits for seafarers in the absence of adequate coverage. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that no regulation has been adopted for providing benefits to non-resident seafarers working on ships flying its flag who do not have adequate social security coverage. It recalls that although the primary obligation rests with the Member in which the seafarer is ordinarily resident, Standard A4.5, paragraph 6, provides that Members have an obligation to give consideration to the various ways in which comparable benefits will, in accordance with national law and practice, be provided to seafarers in the absence of adequate coverage in the applicable branches of social security. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on any measures adopted or envisaged to give effect to Standard A4.5, paragraph 6.

Regulation 5.1.1 and the Code. Flag State responsibilities. General principles. The Committee notes that, while Mongolia has a ship inspection and certification system in place, the Government has not provided information on any relevant laws or regulations under which the system operates. The Committee requests the Government to provide detailed information in this regard.

Regulation 5.1.2 and the Code. Flag State responsibilities. Authorization of recognized organizations. The Committee notes that Regulation 31 of the Merchant Shipping (Certification and Manning) Rules, 2003, provides that recognized organizations are granted the power to require rectification of deficiencies on ships and to carry out inspections. The Committee notes, however, that according to this Regulation these inspections are carried out to verify compliance in accordance with the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) Conventions and not with respect to seafarers’ working and living conditions provided by the MLC, 2006, which have not been integrated in the national legislation. The Committee requests the Government to take the necessary measures to give full effect to the requirements of Standard A5.1.2.

Regulation 5.1.3 and the Code. Flag State responsibilities. Maritime Labour Certificate and the Declaration of Maritime Labour Compliance (DMLC). The Committee notes the Government’s indication that it has not adopted any laws or regulations implementing the provisions with respect to the Maritime Labour Certificate and DMLC. The Committee further notes that the Government has not provided a copy of the maritime labour certificate and while it has provided a copy of the DMLC, Part I, the document refers for the most part to provisions of IMO Conventions or of the MLC, 2006, without however specifying the relevant national legal provisions. The Committee recalls that pursuant to Standard A5.1.3, paragraph 10(a), the DMLC, Part I, shall identify the national requirements embodying the relevant national legal provisions as well as, to the extent necessary, concise information on the main content of the national requirements. The Committee further recalls that the purpose of the DMLC is to help the person concerned, such as flag State inspectors, authorized officers in port States and seafarers, to check that national requirements are being properly enforced on board ship. Therefore, the Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures envisaged to give full effect to Standard A5.1.3 and to amend accordingly the DMLC, Part I, to fully implement Standard A5.1.3, paragraph 10(a), so as to ensure that it provides a reference to the relevant national legal provisions embodying the Convention, and, to the extent necessary, concise information on the main content of the national requirements.

In addition, the Committee observes that the Government has not provided an example of an approved DMLC, Part II, that has been drawn up by a shipowner to set out the measures adopted to ensure ongoing compliance with the national requirements and measures proposed to ensure that there is continuous improvement, as provided under Standard A5.1.3, paragraph 10(b), of the Convention. The Committee requests the Government to provide one or more examples of an approved DMLC, Part II.

Regulation 5.1.4 and the Code. Flag State responsibilities. Inspection and enforcement. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that Mongolia does not have a national institute or university for preparing inspectors and therefore trains its national inspectors in foreign countries. It observes that Annex I of Order No. 20 from 26 December 2014, of the Director of Mongolia Maritime Administration indicates that inspectors or flag State surveyors receive training designed to carry out inspections of the MLC, 2006. The Committee also notes that according to that order, the report of safety inspection includes the verification of compliance with some requirements of the MLC, 2006. The Committee observes however that there are no national provisions that give effect to the requirements of Regulation 5.1.4 and Standard A5.1.4 to establish an effective and coordinated system of regular inspections to ensure that ships flying Mongolia’s flag comply with the requirements of the Convention. The Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures adopted or envisaged to give effect to the detailed requirements of Standard A5.1.4.

Regulation 5.1.5 and Standard A5.1.5. Flag State responsibilities. On-board complaint procedures. The Committee notes that the Government has not provided detailed information on the procedure for on-board complaints. The Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures taken to give effect to Standard A5.1.5, paragraph 1. The Committee further notes the Government’s indication that there are no laws or regulations prohibiting and penalizing any kind of victimization of a seafarer for filing a complaint, as requested by Regulation 5.1.5, paragraph 2. The Committee requests the Government to indicate how effect is given to this requirement of the Convention. The Committee also requests the Government to explain how effect is given to the following paragraphs of Standard A5.1.5: (i) the seafarer’s right to complain directly to the master (paragraph 2); and (ii) the seafarer’s right to be accompanied or represented during the complaints procedure (paragraph 3).

Additional documents requested. The Committee notes that the Government has omitted to provide some of the documents requested in the report form. The Committee requests the Government to provide the following documents: an example of the approved document for seafarers’ record of employment (Standard A2.1, paragraphs 1 and 3); the relevant portion of any applicable collective bargaining agreement (Standard A2.1, paragraph 2(b)); a copy of the approved standardized table for shipboard working arrangements (Standard A2.3, paragraphs 10 and 11); a copy of the standard form established by the competent authority for the recording of seafarers’ daily hours of work or their daily hours of rest (Standard A2.3, paragraph 12); a copy of any authorized or registered collective agreement provisions that establish seafarers’ normal working hours or permit exceptions to the established limits (Standard A2.3, paragraphs 3 and 13); a copy of the provisions in any applicable collective agreement which provides for the calculation of the minimum paid annual leave on a basis that differs from a minimum of 2.5 days per month of employment (Standard A2.4, paragraph 2); a copy of the provisions on seafarers’ entitlement to repatriation in any applicable collective bargaining agreements (Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 2); an example of the kind of documentation that is accepted or issued with respect to the financial security that must be provided by shipowners (Regulation 2.5, paragraph 2); an example of the standard medical report form for seafarers (Standard A4.1, paragraph 2; see guidance in Guideline B4.1.2, paragraph 1); a copy of the requirements for the medicine chest and medical equipment and for the medical guide (Standard A4.1, paragraph 4(a); see guidance in Guideline B4.1.1, paragraphs 4 and 5); an example of the kind of documentation that is accepted or issued with respect to the financial security that must be provided by shipowners (Standard A4.2.1, paragraph 1(b)); an example of a document (e.g. Part II of the DMLC outlining a shipowner’s practices or on-board programmes (including risk evaluation) for preventing occupational accidents, injuries and diseases (Standard A4.3, paragraphs 1(c), 2(b) and 8)); a copy of the relevant national guidelines (Regulation 4.3, paragraph 2); a copy of the document(s) used for reporting unsafe conditions or occupational accidents on board ship (Standard A4.3, paragraph 1(d)); a report or other document containing information on the objectives and standards established for your country’s inspection and certification system, including the procedures for its assessment; information on the budgetary allocation during the period covered by this report for the administration of your country’s inspection and certification system and the total income received during the same period on account of inspection and certification services; an example or examples of authorizations given to recognized organizations (Regulation 5.1.1, paragraph 5 and Regulation 5.1.2, paragraph 2); if available, a copy of the National Interim Maritime Labour Certificate (Standard A5.1.3, paragraph 5); a copy of the annual reports on inspection activities that have been issued in accordance with Standard A5.1.4, paragraph 13, during the period covered by this report; a standard document issued to or signed by inspectors setting out their functions and powers (Standard A5.1.4, paragraph 7; see guidance in Guideline B5.1.4, paragraphs 7 and 8); a copy of any national guidelines issued to inspectors in implementation of Standard A5.1.4, paragraph 7; a copy of the form used for an inspector’s report (Standard A5.1.4, paragraph 12); a copy of any documentation that is available informing seafarers and interested others about the procedures for making a complaint (in confidence) regarding a breach of the requirements of the Convention (including seafarers’ rights) (Standard A5.1.4, paragraph 5; see guidance in Guideline B5.1.4, paragraph 3); and your country’s model for on board complaint procedures, if developed, or of typical procedures that are followed on ships that fly its flag (Regulation 5.1.5).

[The Government is asked to reply in full to the present comments in 2021.]