Human Resources Development Convention, 1975 (No. 142) - Tajikistan (Ratification: 1993)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2024, published 113rd ILC session (2025)

Articles 1 to 3 of the Convention. Formulation and implementation of policies and programmes of vocational guidance and vocational training. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that it has paid particular attention to the development of human resources in the sphere of vocational training during the reporting period. In this regard, it refers to the adoption of a set of acts to regulate the development, recognition, validation and accreditation of qualifications namely: (1) the 2020 “Procedure for Quality Assurance of Qualifications and Validation of Qualifications”, (2) the 2022 “National Qualifications Classifier”, and (3) the 2022 “Procedure for the Development and Recognition of Competence Standards for Each Profession.” In particular, the Government refers to the “Vocational Training Programme for Citizens of the Republic of Tajikistan between 2021-2025” which aim is to attract unskilled people to vocational training. Over the five-year period described, 1 million people will be involved in vocational training with a priority given to persons in vulnerable situations, especially persons with disabilities. According to the statistical data provided, 446 persons with disabilities have undertaken vocational training courses free of charge. The Committee further notes the development of the Decent Work Country Programme (DWCP) of the Republic of Tajikistan (2020–24), which includes among its outcomes improving the capacity of the vocational education and training system (VET) to decrease the mismatch between demand and supply in the labour market. In addition, the Committee observes that, according to Tajikistan’s TVET Country Profile on the UNESCO website, a draft law on initial vocational education and training (IVET) providing for the creation of a VET based on the needs of the labour market was approved by the Government on 28 September 2020 and submitted to the Parliament for endorsement.

Concerning the statistical data requested, the Committee notes the comprehensive statistical information provided, particularly the disaggregated data on admissions, graduations and employment of individuals who undertook the vocational training courses across various regions. With regard to the number of centres providing vocational education and training, the Government indicates that there are 61 vocational and technical high schools and adult education centres with 41 branches nationwide. The Committee observes that in particular, out of 46,409 beneficiaries of the vocational guidance services, 15,880 were unemployed persons, 3,580 women, 462 persons with disabilities, and 4,189 young persons, 1,569 military personnel discharged to reserve service, 470 persons released from prison, and 1,899 migrant workers. The Government reports that overall, 54 per cent of the citizens undertaking funded vocational training courses have been employed. However, according to the 2021 report of the Asian Development Bank “Technical and Vocational Education and Training in Tajikistan and other countries in Central Asia”, in general, the level of vocational education of the employed population remains low. Only 29.8 per cent of the workforce has professional education, reflecting the low level of industrialization, though that share is gradually changing. Data from three LFS surveys show that the proportion of employed people with secondary vocational education increased from 7.9 per cent to 8.9 per cent in 2004–16, and the proportion of people with higher education increased from 11.2 per cent to 17 per cent. In the same period, the proportion of employed people with primary vocational education decreased from 7.5 per cent to 3.9 per cent. The analysis of the LFS-2016 data revealed a discrepancy between the level of education of the population aged 30–75 years and employment in the workplace, which showed that work performed by 50.2 per cent of the employed adult population does not correspond to the level of education or acquired skills. In order to assess the current trends accurately, the Committee requests the Government to provide a copy of the most recent labour force survey conducted in the Republic of Tajikistan.

Finally, the Committee notes that the Government’s report does not include information on the manner in which it ensures effective coordination between vocational guidance and vocational training policies and programmes, on the one hand, and employment and the public employment services, on the other hand. The Committee wishes to stress in this respect that effective coordination between vocational guidance, vocational training policies, and employment services is crucial. It ensures seamless transitions from training to employment, reducing unemployment rates. Also, by aligning training with job market needs, it reduces skill mismatches and increases productivity. Coordination also avoids resource duplication and provides comprehensive support to individuals which leads to a more dynamic and responsive workforce development system, benefiting all persons involved. The Committee therefore requests the Government to continue to provide information on the content and impact of the measures adopted with a view to improving the level of vocational education of the population, including those vocational guidance and training measures adopted in the framework of the Strategy for the education sector covering the period 2021- 2030, theVocational Training Programme for Citizens of the Republic of Tajikistan 2021-2025 and the DWCP. It also requests the Government to continue to provide up-to-date, disaggregated data by sex, age, and region, on the impact of the measures implemented to promote access to vocational guidance and training and lifelong learning policies and programmes, particularly to women and groups of persons in vulnerable situations, such as young persons and persons with disabilities. In particular, the Committee requests the Government to provide data on the number of vocational guidance and training graduates attaining employment following the completion of the training courses.Finally, the Committee requests the Government to provide information on the status of the draft law on initial vocational education and training (IVET).

Article 1(5). Equality of opportunity. The Committee notes with interest that the Government has adopted a number of programmes for the vocational guidance, training and capacity building of women and girls, including the State Programme for the Development of Women’s Entrepreneurship (2023-2027), the State Programme for the Education, Selection and Placement of Gifted Women and Girls in Leadership Positions for 2023-2030, Government Resolutions of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 92 of 1 March 2012 on Approval of the State Programme for Training Women Specialists and Promoting their Employment 2012-2015. The Committee requestsupdated and detailed information on the impact of these vocational guidance and training programmes and policies on the employment opportunities available to women.

Nonetheless, the Committee notes the gender gap in labour force participation between men and women in employment. A large number of working-age women are not working for pay (69 per cent) compared to men (49 per cent). Furthermore, 49 per cent of young women between the ages of 15–24 are not in education, employment or training (NEET) compared to 7 per cent of men. According to the ILO DWCP for the period 2020–24, women workers are concentrated in a limited number of occupations in the healthcare (69.6 per cent), education (59.4 per cent) and agriculture sectors (45 per cent) which are poorly remunerated. In this regard, the Committee refers to paragraph 9(h) of Recommendation No. 195 to develop equal opportunity strategies, measures and programmes for training women to promote their access and competence in employment opportunities. The Committee wishes to point out that, in comparative practice, developing effective equal opportunity strategies for training women involves the following key steps: (i) conduct needs assessments to identify barriers women face; (ii) design inclusive training programs with flexible schedules and childcare support; (iii) promote mentorship and networking opportunities; (iv) implement policies for equal opportunities, such as equal pay and unbiased recruitment; and (v) provide continuous support and resources, and regularly monitor and evaluate the programs. The Committee invites the Government to provide up-to-date and detailed information on the measures taken to eliminate the gender gap in employment opportunities and prevailing occupational segregation. The Committee further requests the Government to continue to provide up-to-date and disaggregated data on the participation of women workers in various economic sectors across regions.

Article 4. Adult education. The Committee notes with interest the adoption and implementation of the Adult Education Act, 2017 and the Training of Specialists Taking into Account the Needs of the Labour Market Act, 2021 in the sphere of adult education. The Government reports that between 2020 and 2022, Tajikistan’s adult education centres provided vocational training and validation of work skills to 120,081 individuals (60 per cent of whom were women and 40 per cent were young persons) with the Khatlon region benefitting most from the centres (35,472). The Committee requests the Government to provide further statistical, detailed and disaggregated information about the participation of individuals by age, sex and region at the adult education centres and assess the impact of such vocational guidance and vocational training programmes on long-term employment of these individuals.

Article 5. Cooperation of employers’ and workers’ organizations. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that, in collaboration with the employers’ association, vocational training, retraining and advanced training courses have been instituted in enterprises and organisations. The Committee observes that a total of 35,113 employees have completed training and retraining, enhanced their qualifications and completed internships during the course of 2020. The Committee observes that, under the DCWP, trainings are planned for trade union leaders on effective participation in social dialogue and governance of skills development and VET policies. The Committee notes, however, that the Government does not provide information on the manner in which the social partners and other interested bodies cooperate in the formulation and implementation of policies and programmes of vocational guidance and training. The Committee therefore requests the Government to provide detailed information on the role, contribution and participation of social partners in the formulation and implementation of vocational guidance and training programmes, as required by Article 5 of the Convention and requested by the Committee in its previous comments.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2022, published 111st ILC session (2023)

The Committee notes that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that the next report will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous comments.

Repetition

The Committee takes note of the supplementary information provided by the Government in light of the decision adopted by the Governing Body at its 338th Session (June 2020). The Committee proceeded with the examination of the application of the Convention on the basis of the information contained in the Government & apos;s report received in August 2020.

Articles 1 to 3 of the Convention. Formulation and implementation of policies and programmes of vocational guidance and vocational training. The Committee notes with interest the adoption of the Strategy for the education sector covering the period 2021–30. Its main objective is to create an effective education system that guarantees inclusive and equal opportunities, and facilitates skills and intellectual development, employment and the well-being of the population. The Committee also notes the detailed information provided by the Government with regard to the different policies and programmes implemented in the field of education, and vocational guidance and training as well as their impact. In this regard, the Government indicates that the National Vocational Guidance Centre, within the Labour and Employment Agency, provides professional consulting services to unemployed persons, young persons and migrant workers to support them in finding and occupation. It reports that 18,499 persons (among them 7,925 unemployed persons, including 2,134 women, 244 persons with disabilities, and 2,606 young persons aged 15 to 29) received vocational guidance during the reporting period. With regard to vocational training, the Government indicates that the vocational training system in the country it is composed of three levels: initial, intermediate and higher provided by different specialized institutions. It further indicates that the Ministry of Education and Science granted a license to over 260 non-State education establishments to provide short-course learning, such as language courses and vocational training. In this respect, the Government highlights the importance of providing vocational guidance and training that meet the requirements of the labour market and the needs of the employers. Lastly, the Committee notes the information provided by the Government on the different measures implemented by the Public Administration Academy together with the Labour and Employment Agency to strengthen the skills and competencies of civil servants, including the provision of vocational training, retraining, skills improvement and work placements at higher and secondary vocational training institutes. The Government indicates that between 2019 and the first half of 2020, 2,215 civil servants participated in training courses, of whom 511 were women.The Committee requests the Government to continue to provide information on the content and measures adopted in the field of vocational guidance and training, including those adopted in the framework of the Strategy for the education sector covering the period 2021-30. It also requests the Government to provide up-to-date, detailed information, including statistical information disaggregated by sex and age, on the nature and impact of measures implemented to promote access to vocational guidance, education, training and lifelong learning to women and groups of persons in vulnerable situations, such as, young persons and persons with disabilities. The Committee further requests the Government to continue to provide information on the manner in which it ensures effective coordination between vocational guidance and vocational training policies and programmes, on the one hand, and employment and the public employment services, on the other hand. Lastly, the Committee requests the Government to continue to provide extracts from reports, studies and inquiries and statistical data relating to current policies and programmes of vocational guidance and training.

Article 4. Lifelong learning. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that, following the adoption of the 2017 Adult Education Act and of the Continuing Education Framework for the period 2017–23, measures have been taken to include the principle of lifelong learning in the national education policy, and to acknowledge non-formal education and informal learning and self-education. In addition, measures were undertaken to introduce the recognition and validation of competencies acquired by adult learners in the course of non-formal education or informal learning. The Government further refers to the establishment of the Tajikistan Centre for Adult Education within the Labour and Employment Agency, which offers flexible learning according to students’ needs, including trainings to raise national literacy levels through free and paid adult education and knowledge and skills certification. It reports that by the end of 2015, more than 80,000 persons (almost 60 per cent of whom were women) had benefited from the different services provided by the Centre.The Committee requests the Government to continue to provide detailed updated information on the measures taken in relation to adult education, vocational guidance and lifelong learning, as well as on its impact. The Committee also requests the Government to provide a copy of the 2017 Adult Education Act and of the Continuing Education Framework for the period 2017–23.

Article 5. Cooperation of employers’ and workers’ organizations. The Committee notes the detailed information provided by the Government on the participation of the workers’ organizations in the activities of the coordinating committees for vocational training and education in different sectors and regions. The Government refers to, among other activities, the conduction on an annual basis of surveys by the regional committees of the trade unions together with national institutions regarding the skills and employment status of the population and the need of employers for qualified staff. The Government reports the results of the surveys carried out in Sogd and Khatlon provinces. In addition, the social partners participate in annual job fairs and provide support to the vocational training establishments in the development of professional standards and course curricula and in assessing their graduates’ level of understanding. The Government also refers to the participation of workers’ organizations in the delivery of targeted vocational guidance and training in different sectors, including the agricultural and transport sectors. The Committee notes, however, that the Government does not provide information on the manner in which the employers’; organizations participated in the formulation and implementation of vocational guidance and vocational training policies and programmes.The Committee requests the Government to continue to provide updated detailed information on the cooperation with employers’ and workers’ organizations and other interested bodies in the formulation and implementation of vocational guidance and vocational training policies and programmes, including the Strategy for the education sector covering the period 2021–30.

COVID-19 pandemic. In the context of the global pandemic of COVID-19, the Committee recalls the broad guidance provided by international labour standards. In this regard, the Committee draws the attention of the Government to Paragraphs 18–20 of the Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience Recommendation, 2017 (No. 205), which provide guidance for the development and implementation of education, training and lifelong learning measures that effectively respond to the profound socio-economic effects of the pandemic.The Committee invites the Government to provide in its next report updated information on the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic on the implementation of education, training and lifelong learning policies and programmes.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2020, published 109th ILC session (2021)

The Committee takes note of the supplementary information provided by the Government in light of the decision adopted by the Governing Body at its 338th Session (June 2020). The Committee proceeded with the examination of the application of the Convention on the basis of the information contained in the Government's report received in August 2020.

Articles 1 to 3 of the Convention. Formulation and implementation of policies and programmes of vocational guidance and vocational training. The Committee notes with interest the adoption of the Strategy for the education sector covering the period 2021–30. Its main objective is to create an effective education system that guarantees inclusive and equal opportunities, and facilitates skills and intellectual development, employment and the well-being of the population. The Committee also notes the detailed information provided by the Government with regard to the different policies and programmes implemented in the field of education, and vocational guidance and training as well as their impact. In this regard, the Government indicates that the National Vocational Guidance Centre, within the Labour and Employment Agency, provides professional consulting services to unemployed persons, young persons and migrant workers to support them in finding and occupation. It reports that 18,499 persons (among them 7,925 unemployed persons, including 2,134 women, 244 persons with disabilities, and 2,606 young persons aged 15 to 29) received vocational guidance during the reporting period. With regard to vocational training, the Government indicates that the vocational training system in the country it is composed of three levels: initial, intermediate and higher provided by different specialized institutions. It further indicates that the Ministry of Education and Science granted a license to over 260 non-State education establishments to provide short-course learning, such as language courses and vocational training. In this respect, the Government highlights the importance of providing vocational guidance and training that meet the requirements of the labour market and the needs of the employers. Lastly, the Committee notes the information provided by the Government on the different measures implemented by the Public Administration Academy together with the Labour and Employment Agency to strengthen the skills and competencies of civil servants, including the provision of vocational training, retraining, skills improvement and work placements at higher and secondary vocational training institutes. The Government indicates that between 2019 and the first half of 2020, 2,215 civil servants participated in training courses, of whom 511 were women. The Committee requests the Government to continue to provide information on the content and measures adopted in the field of vocational guidance and training, including those adopted in the framework of the Strategy for the education sector covering the period 2021-30. It also requests the Government to provide up-to-date, detailed information, including statistical information disaggregated by sex and age, on the nature and impact of measures implemented to promote access to vocational guidance, education, training and lifelong learning to women and groups of persons in vulnerable situations, such as, young persons and persons with disabilities. The Committee further requests the Government to continue to provide information on the manner in which it ensures effective coordination between vocational guidance and vocational training policies and programmes, on the one hand, and employment and the public employment services, on the other hand. Lastly, the Committee requests the Government to continue to provide extracts from reports, studies and inquiries and statistical data relating to current policies and programmes of vocational guidance and training.

Article 4. Lifelong learning. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that, following the adoption of the 2017 Adult Education Act and of the Continuing Education Framework for the period 2017–23, measures have been taken to include the principle of lifelong learning in the national education policy, and to acknowledge non-formal education and informal learning and self-education. In addition, measures were undertaken to introduce the recognition and validation of competencies acquired by adult learners in the course of non-formal education or informal learning. The Government further refers to the establishment of the Tajikistan Centre for Adult Education within the Labour and Employment Agency, which offers flexible learning according to students’ needs, including trainings to raise national literacy levels through free and paid adult education and knowledge and skills certification. It reports that by the end of 2015, more than 80,000 persons (almost 60 per cent of whom were women) had benefited from the different services provided by the Centre. The Committee requests the Government to continue to provide detailed updated information on the measures taken in relation to adult education, vocational guidance and lifelong learning, as well as on its impact. The Committee also requests the Government to provide a copy of the 2017 Adult Education Act and of the Continuing Education Framework for the period 2017–23.

Article 5. Cooperation of employers’ and workers’ organizations. The Committee notes the detailed information provided by the Government on the participation of the workers’ organizations in the activities of the coordinating committees for vocational training and education in different sectors and regions. The Government refers to, among other activities, the conduction on an annual basis of surveys by the regional committees of the trade unions together with national institutions regarding the skills and employment status of the population and the need of employers for qualified staff. The Government reports the results of the surveys carried out in Sogd and Khatlon provinces. In addition, the social partners participate in annual job fairs and provide support to the vocational training establishments in the development of professional standards and course curricula and in assessing their graduates’ level of understanding. The Government also refers to the participation of workers’ organizations in the delivery of targeted vocational guidance and training in different sectors, including the agricultural and transport sectors. The Committee notes, however, that the Government does not provide information on the manner in which the employers' organizations participated in the formulation and implementation of vocational guidance and vocational training policies and programmes. The Committee requests the Government to continue to provide updated detailed information on the cooperation with employers’ and workers’ organizations and other interested bodies in the formulation and implementation of vocational guidance and vocational training policies and programmes, including the Strategy for the education sector covering the period 2021–30.

COVID-19 pandemic. In the context of the global pandemic of COVID-19, the Committee recalls the broad guidance provided by international labour standards. In this regard, the Committee draws the attention of the Government to Paragraphs 18–20 of the Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience Recommendation, 2017 (No. 205), which provide guidance for the development and implementation of education, training and lifelong learning measures that effectively respond to the profound socio-economic effects of the pandemic. The Committee invites the Government to provide in its next report updated information on the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic on the implementation of education, training and lifelong learning policies and programmes.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2019, published 109th ILC session (2021)

The Committee notes with concern that the Government’s report has not been received. It expects that the next report will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous comments.

Repetition

Articles 1–4 of the Convention. Formulation and implementation of policies and programmes of vocational guidance and vocational training. The Committee previously requested the Government to provide information on progress made to ensure that the skills of workers match actual labour market demands. The Government indicates in its report that, given the surplus of labour in Tajikistan, the problem of professional development and, hence, the adaptation of the workforce to the demands of the labour market is of paramount importance. The Government adds that the development of professional skills among the workforce to meet the demand for qualifications required by the labour market, in particular with regard to the development of modern advanced technologies and innovations in production, is one of the important strategic issues for any government and the country’s socioeconomic development depends on this issue being resolved. The Committee notes in this regard that various measures have been envisaged to develop the workforce and to adapt it to the requirements of the labour market, including the implementation of adult vocational education and vocational guidance development programmes in Tajikistan for 2011–15. Moreover, the Government indicates that the development of labour resources and the active participation of the public in the development process have been identified as national priorities and included as such in policy strategy documents, such as the Government Labour Market Development Strategy to 2020.

Vocational training, enhanced qualifications and the retraining of unemployed people are mainly provided in the Labour and Employment Agency’s educational centres and, in particular, in the Tajikistan Adult Training Centre and other institutions. The Committee notes in this regard that, in 2014, under the direction of the Labour and Employment Agency, 18,226 people underwent vocational training, of whom 11,017 were young people. The Committee requests the Government to continue to provide information on the impact of the policies and programmes of vocational guidance and vocational training which have been adopted. It also requests the Government to indicate the manner in which it ensures effective coordination between these policies and programmes, on the one hand, and employment and the public employment services, on the other. Please also provide extracts of reports, studies and inquiries, and statistical data regarding training policies and programmes.

Article 5. Cooperation of employers’ and workers’ organizations. The Committee previously invited the Government to describe the measures adopted to ensure the cooperation of employers’ and workers’ organizations and, where applicable, other interested bodies in the formulation and implementation of vocational guidance and vocational training policies and programmes at the national and local level so as to fully take into account their experiences and views. The Government indicates that setting up coordinating committees for vocational training and education at the national, regional, municipal and district levels and setting up a social partnership for adult vocational education are included among the list of actions envisaged to develop the workforce effectively and to adapt it to the requirements of the labour market. The Committee requests the Government to provide specific information on the cooperation of employers’ and workers’ organizations and other interested bodies in the formulation and implementation of vocational guidance and vocational training policies and programmes, such as in the activities of the coordinating committees for vocational training and education.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2018, published 108th ILC session (2019)

The Committee notes that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that the next report will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous comments initially made in 2016.

Repetition

Articles 1–4 of the Convention. Formulation and implementation of policies and programmes of vocational guidance and vocational training. The Committee previously requested the Government to provide information on progress made to ensure that the skills of workers match actual labour market demands. The Government indicates in its report that, given the surplus of labour in Tajikistan, the problem of professional development and, hence, the adaptation of the workforce to the demands of the labour market is of paramount importance. The Government adds that the development of professional skills among the workforce to meet the demand for qualifications required by the labour market, in particular with regard to the development of modern advanced technologies and innovations in production, is one of the important strategic issues for any government and the country’s socioeconomic development depends on this issue being resolved. The Committee notes in this regard that various measures have been envisaged to develop the workforce and to adapt it to the requirements of the labour market, including the implementation of adult vocational education and vocational guidance development programmes in Tajikistan for 2011–15. Moreover, the Government indicates that the development of labour resources and the active participation of the public in the development process have been identified as national priorities and included as such in policy strategy documents, such as the Government Labour Market Development Strategy to 2020.

Vocational training, enhanced qualifications and the retraining of unemployed people are mainly provided in the Labour and Employment Agency’s educational centres and, in particular, in the Tajikistan Adult Training Centre and other institutions. The Committee notes in this regard that, in 2014, under the direction of the Labour and Employment Agency, 18,226 people underwent vocational training, of whom 11,017 were young people. The Committee requests the Government to continue to provide information on the impact of the policies and programmes of vocational guidance and vocational training which have been adopted. It also requests the Government to indicate the manner in which it ensures effective coordination between these policies and programmes, on the one hand, and employment and the public employment services, on the other. Please also provide extracts of reports, studies and inquiries, and statistical data regarding training policies and programmes.

Article 5. Cooperation of employers’ and workers’ organizations. The Committee previously invited the Government to describe the measures adopted to ensure the cooperation of employers’ and workers’ organizations and, where applicable, other interested bodies in the formulation and implementation of vocational guidance and vocational training policies and programmes at the national and local level so as to fully take into account their experiences and views. The Government indicates that setting up coordinating committees for vocational training and education at the national, regional, municipal and district levels and setting up a social partnership for adult vocational education are included among the list of actions envisaged to develop the workforce effectively and to adapt it to the requirements of the labour market. The Committee requests the Government to provide specific information on the cooperation of employers’ and workers’ organizations and other interested bodies in the formulation and implementation of vocational guidance and vocational training policies and programmes, such as in the activities of the coordinating committees for vocational training and education.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2016, published 106th ILC session (2017)

Articles 1–4 of the Convention. Formulation and implementation of policies and programmes of vocational guidance and vocational training. The Committee previously requested the Government to provide information on progress made to ensure that the skills of workers match actual labour market demands. The Government indicates in its report that, given the surplus of labour in Tajikistan, the problem of professional development and, hence, the adaptation of the workforce to the demands of the labour market is of paramount importance. The Government adds that the development of professional skills among the workforce to meet the demand for qualifications required by the labour market, in particular with regard to the development of modern advanced technologies and innovations in production, is one of the important strategic issues for any government and the country’s socioeconomic development depends on this issue being resolved. The Committee notes in this regard that various measures have been envisaged to develop the workforce and to adapt it to the requirements of the labour market, including the implementation of adult vocational education and vocational guidance development programmes in Tajikistan for 2011–15. Moreover, the Government indicates that the development of labour resources and the active participation of the public in the development process have been identified as national priorities and included as such in policy strategy documents, such as the Government Labour Market Development Strategy to 2020.

Vocational training, enhanced qualifications and the retraining of unemployed people are mainly provided in the Labour and Employment Agency’s educational centres and, in particular, in the Tajikistan Adult Training Centre and other institutions. The Committee notes in this regard that, in 2014, under the direction of the Labour and Employment Agency, 18,226 people underwent vocational training, of whom 11,017 were young people. The Committee requests the Government to continue to provide information on the impact of the policies and programmes of vocational guidance and vocational training which have been adopted. It also requests the Government to indicate the manner in which it ensures effective coordination between these policies and programmes, on the one hand, and employment and the public employment services, on the other. Please also provide extracts of reports, studies and inquiries, and statistical data regarding training policies and programmes.

Article 5. Cooperation of employers’ and workers’ organizations. The Committee previously invited the Government to describe the measures adopted to ensure the cooperation of employers’ and workers’ organizations and, where applicable, other interested bodies in the formulation and implementation of vocational guidance and vocational training policies and programmes at the national and local level so as to fully take into account their experiences and views. The Government indicates that setting up coordinating committees for vocational training and education at the national, regional, municipal and district levels and setting up a social partnership for adult vocational education are included among the list of actions envisaged to develop the workforce effectively and to adapt it to the requirements of the labour market. The Committee requests the Government to provide specific information on the cooperation of employers’ and workers’ organizations and other interested bodies in the formulation and implementation of vocational guidance and vocational training policies and programmes, such as in the activities of the coordinating committees for vocational training and education.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2014, published 104th ILC session (2015)

The Committee notes with regret that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous comments.

Repetition

Article 1(1)–(4) of the Convention. Close link with employment. The Committee notes the succinct information provided in the Government’s report received in July 2010. The Government indicates that, in order to enable workers to acquire skills reflecting the needs of the labour market, in 2008 the State Agency for Social Protection, Employment and Migration within the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection established the Tajikistan Adult Training Centre. In this centre, adults, migrant workers, women without a profession and others are trained in specific fields. In 2009, 2,308 unemployed citizens were trained in the centre. The Government further indicates that the State Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection within the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection carried out a survey on vocational training. The survey formulated recommendations aimed at: improving vocational training and guidance; integrating primary and vocational education in the structure of existing economic relations and actual practice of enterprises; establishing a single vocational training and guidance space; developing quality indicators of vocational education and establishing monitoring systems; actively involving employers and senior management in training staff; establishing conditions to improve skill levels in vocational education; promoting cooperation and exchanges between teachers, including at international level. The Committee requests the Government to provide in its next report information on any progress made as a consequence of the recommendations of the State Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection to ensure that the skills of workers match actual labour market demands.

Extension and development of the system of vocational training. The Committee notes that one of the priorities of the Decent Work Country Programme signed with the ILO for the years 2007–09 was further developing the national vocational training system, also through the ILO’s modular employable skills methodology. The Committee invites the Government to include in its next report information on any progress made as the result of the assistance received from the ILO and other international organizations to develop the vocational and technical education systems and the steps taken with a view to extending the systems of vocational training to cover fields of economic activity not previously within their scope and to ensure that they are adapted to the changing requirements of individuals throughout their lives, as well as those of the economy and of the different branches of economic activity.

Article 5. Cooperation of employers’ and workers’ organizations. The Committee notes that, in its report under Convention No. 122, the Government provided information on the participation of the social partners in the preparation and monitoring of the General Agreement 2009–11, which aims, inter alia, to promote employment. The Committee invites the Government to describe the measures adopted to ensure the cooperation of employers’ and workers’ organizations and, where applicable, other interested bodies in the formulation and implementation of vocational guidance and vocational training policies and programmes at national and local level so as to fully take into account their experiences and views.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2013, published 103rd ILC session (2014)

The Committee notes that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its 2010 direct request, which read as follows:

Repetition

Article 1(1)–(4) of the Convention. Close link with employment. The Committee notes the succinct information provided in the Government’s report received in July 2010. The Government indicates that, in order to enable workers to acquire skills reflecting the needs of the labour market, in 2008 the State Agency for Social Protection, Employment and Migration within the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection established the Tajikistan Adult Training Centre. In this centre, adults, migrant workers, women without a profession and others are trained in specific fields. In 2009, 2,308 unemployed citizens were trained in the centre. The Government further indicates that the State Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection within the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection carried out a survey on vocational training. The survey formulated recommendations aimed at: improving vocational training and guidance; integrating primary and vocational education in the structure of existing economic relations and actual practice of enterprises; establishing a single vocational training and guidance space; developing quality indicators of vocational education and establishing monitoring systems; actively involving employers and senior management in training staff; establishing conditions to improve skill levels in vocational education; promoting cooperation and exchanges between teachers, including at international level. The Committee requests the Government to provide in its next report information on any progress made as a consequence of the recommendations of the State Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection to ensure that the skills of workers match actual labour market demands.

Extension and development of the system of vocational training. The Committee notes that one of the priorities of the Decent Work Country Programme signed with the ILO for the years 2007–09 was further developing the national vocational training system, also through the ILO’s modular employable skills methodology. The Committee invites the Government to include in its next report information on any progress made as the result of the assistance received from the ILO and other international organizations to develop the vocational and technical education systems and the steps taken with a view to extending the systems of vocational training to cover fields of economic activity not previously within their scope and to ensure that they are adapted to the changing requirements of individuals throughout their lives, as well as those of the economy and of the different branches of economic activity.

Article 5. Cooperation of employers’ and workers’ organizations. The Committee notes that, in its report under Convention No. 122, the Government provided information on the participation of the social partners in the preparation and monitoring of the General Agreement 2009–11, which aims, inter alia, to promote employment. The Committee invites the Government to describe the measures adopted to ensure the cooperation of employers’ and workers’ organizations and, where applicable, other interested bodies in the formulation and implementation of vocational guidance and vocational training policies and programmes at national and local level so as to fully take into account their experiences and views.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2010, published 100th ILC session (2011)

Article 1(1)–(4) of the Convention. Close link with employment. The Committee notes the succinct information provided in the Government’s report received in July 2010. The Government indicates that, in order to enable workers to acquire skills reflecting the needs of the labour market, in 2008 the State Agency for Social Protection, Employment and Migration within the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection established the Tajikistan Adult Training Centre. In this centre, adults, migrant workers, women without a profession and others are trained in specific fields. In 2009, 2,308 unemployed citizens were trained in the centre. The Government further indicates that the State Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection within the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection carried out a survey on vocational training. The survey formulated recommendations aimed at: improving vocational training and guidance; integrating primary and vocational education in the structure of existing economic relations and actual practice of enterprises; establishing a single vocational training and guidance space; developing quality indicators of vocational education and establishing monitoring systems; actively involving employers and senior management in training staff; establishing conditions to improve skill levels in vocational education; promoting cooperation and exchanges between teachers, including at international level. The Committee requests the Government to provide in its next report information on any progress made as a consequence of the recommendations of the State Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection to ensure that the skills of workers match actual labour market demands.

Extension and development of the system of vocational training. The Committee notes that one of the priorities of the Decent Work Country Programme signed with the ILO for the years 2007–09 was further developing the national vocational training system, also through the ILO’s modular employable skills methodology. The Committee invites the Government to include in its next report information on any progress made as the result of the assistance received from the ILO and other international organizations to develop the vocational and technical education systems and the steps taken with a view to extending the systems of vocational training to cover fields of economic activity not previously within their scope and to ensure that they are adapted to the changing requirements of individuals throughout their lives, as well as those of the economy and of the different branches of economic activity.

Article 5. Cooperation of employers’ and workers’ organizations. The Committee notes that, in its report under Convention No. 122, the Government provided information on the participation of the social partners in the preparation and monitoring of the General Agreement 2009–11, which aims, inter alia, to promote employment. The Committee invites the Government to describe the measures adopted to ensure the cooperation of employers’ and workers’ organizations and, where applicable, other interested bodies in the formulation and implementation of vocational guidance and vocational training policies and programmes at national and local level so as to fully take into account their experiences and views.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2009, published 99th ILC session (2010)

The Committee notes with regret that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its 2006 direct request, which read as follows:

The Committee takes note of a letter received on 19 October 2005, which contains the Government’s general report on a number of ratified Conventions. The Committee notes that certain legal developments relevant to the application of this Convention have taken place in recent years. It notes in particular the adoption of Act No. 21 of 22 April 2003 on basic vocational education and training, which establishes a system of basic vocational education (structures, programmes, types of educational institutions) and education for several categories of persons in need of special protection (disabled, orphans). It further notes the adoption of Act No. 34 of 17 May 2004 on education, which establishes the structure of the educational system and contains provisions on vocational and specialized education.

1. Article 1, paragraphs 1–4, of the Convention. Close link with employment. In order to evaluate the application of the Convention, the Committee has considered it necessary to refer to the Government’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (Second Progress Report), which indicates that despite the oversupply of job vacancies on the labour market, a large number of these were left unfilled because individuals lacked the necessary skills. In this respect, the Government adopted a concept paper on vocational training reforms and national standards. Likewise, the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection is in the process of implementing a vocational training reform project. The Committee asks the Government to indicate what progress has been made in the implementation of vocational training reforms in order to ensure that the skills of workers match actual labour market demands.

2. Article 5. Cooperation of employers’ and workers’ organizations. The Committee asks the Government to describe the measures adopted to ensure the cooperation of employer’s and workers’ organizations and, where applicable, other interested bodies in the formulation and implementation of vocational guidance and vocational training policies and programmes. Please provide detailed information on any consultative machinery which may have been instituted for this purpose.

3. Observing the fact that no detailed report has been transmitted to the ILO since the ratification of the Convention in 1993, the Committee recalls the importance of first reports since they constitute the basis upon which the Committee makes its initial assessment of the observance of ratified Conventions. It therefore asks the Government to make a special effort to supply a report indicating, in detail, for each Article of the Convention, the legislation and other measures under which each provision is applied. In this regard, noting the request of the Government for technical assistance, the Committee trusts that such assistance from the Office will help the Government in meeting its reporting obligations regarding this Convention.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2008, published 98th ILC session (2009)

The Committee notes that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

The Committee takes note of a letter received on 19 October 2005, which contains the Government’s general report on a number of ratified Conventions. The Committee notes that certain legal developments relevant to the application of this Convention have taken place in recent years. It notes in particular the adoption of Act No. 21 of 22 April 2003 on basic vocational education and training, which establishes a system of basic vocational education (structures, programmes, types of educational institutions) and education for several categories of persons in need of special protection (disabled, orphans). It further notes the adoption of Act No. 34 of 17 May 2004 on education, which establishes the structure of the educational system and contains provisions on vocational and specialized education.

1. Article 1, paragraphs 1 to 4, of the Convention. Close link with employment. In order to evaluate the application of the Convention, the Committee has considered it necessary to refer to the Government’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (Second Progress Report), which indicates that despite the oversupply of job vacancies on the labour market, a large number of these were left unfilled because individuals lacked the necessary skills. In this respect, the Government adopted a concept paper on vocational training reforms and national standards. Likewise, the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection is in the process of implementing a vocational training reform project. The Committee asks the Government to indicate what progress has been made in the implementation of vocational training reforms in order to ensure that the skills of workers match actual labour market demands.

2. Article 5. Cooperation of employers’ and workers’ organizations. The Committee asks the Government to describe the measures adopted to ensure the cooperation of employer’s and workers’ organizations and, where applicable, other interested bodies in the formulation and implementation of vocational guidance and vocational training policies and programmes. Please provide detailed information on any consultative machinery which may have been instituted for this purpose.

3. Observing the fact that no detailed report has been transmitted to the ILO since the ratification of the Convention in 1993, the Committee recalls the importance of first reports since they constitute the basis upon which the Committee makes its initial assessment of the observance of ratified Conventions. It therefore asks the Government to make a special effort to supply a report indicating, in detail, for each Article of the Convention, the legislation and other measures under which each provision is applied. In this regard, noting the request of the Government for technical assistance, the Committee trusts that such assistance from the Office will help the Government in meeting its reporting obligations regarding this Convention.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2006, published 96th ILC session (2007)

The Committee takes note of a letter received on 19 October 2005, which contains the Government’s general report on a number of ratified Conventions. The Committee notes that certain legal developments relevant to the application of this Convention have taken place in recent years. It notes in particular the adoption of Act No. 21 of 22 April 2003 on basic vocational education and training, which establishes a system of basic vocational education (structures, programmes, types of educational institutions) and education for several categories of persons in need of special protection (disabled, orphans). It further notes the adoption of Act No. 34 of 17 May 2004 on education, which establishes the structure of the educational system and contains provisions on vocational and specialized education.

1. Article 1, paragraphs 1 to 4, of the Convention. Close link with employment. In order to evaluate the application of the Convention, the Committee has considered it necessary to refer to the Government’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (Second Progress Report), which indicates that despite the oversupply of job vacancies on the labour market, a large number of these were left unfilled because individuals lacked the necessary skills. In this respect, the Government adopted a concept paper on vocational training reforms and national standards. Likewise, the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection is in the process of implementing a vocational training reform project. The Committee asks the Government to indicate what progress has been made in the implementation of vocational training reforms in order to ensure that the skills of workers match actual labour market demands.

2. Article 5. Cooperation of employers’ and workers’ organizations. The Committee asks the Government to describe the measures adopted to ensure the cooperation of employer’s and workers’ organizations and, where applicable, other interested bodies in the formulation and implementation of vocational guidance and vocational training policies and programmes. Please provide detailed information on any consultative machinery which may have been instituted for this purpose.

3. Observing the fact that no detailed report has been transmitted to the ILO since the ratification of the Convention in 1993, the Committee recalls the importance of first reports since they constitute the basis upon which the Committee makes its initial assessment of the observance of ratified Conventions. It therefore asks the Government to make a special effort to supply a report indicating, in detail, for each Article of the Convention, the legislation and other measures under which each provision is applied. In this regard, noting the request of the Government for technical assistance, the Committee trusts that such assistance from the Office will help the Government in meeting its reporting obligations regarding this Convention.

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2004, published 93rd ILC session (2005)

1. In its 1999 direct request, the Committee noted the brief statement made by the Government indicating that vocational guidance and training are part of a state-wide programme and are carried out jointly with the social partners and representatives of the state and private sectors. It asks the Government to provide a copy of the state-wide programme mentioned and any other document aiming at comprehensive and coordinated policies, and programmes of vocational guidance and vocational training, as defined in the Convention (Part I of the report form).

2. The Committee also points out the importance of first reports since they constitute the basis upon which the Committee makes its initial assessment of the observance of ratified Conventions. It therefore asks the Government to make a special effort to supply a report indicating, in detail, for each Article of the Convention, the legislation and other measures under which each provision is applied. The Government may deem it useful to consider appropriate forms of ILO assistance in this area.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2003, published 92nd ILC session (2004)

The Committee notes that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its 1999 direct request, which read as follows:

1. The Committee notes the brief statement supplied by the Government in its report. It notes that vocational guidance and training are part of a statewide programme and are carried out jointly with the social partners and representatives of the State and private sectors. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would forward a copy of the statewide programme mentioned and any other document aiming at comprehensive and coordinated policies and programmes of vocational guidance and vocational training as defined in the Convention (Part I of the report form).

2.  The Committee recalls that first reports have particular importance since they constitute the basis on which it makes its initial assessment of the observance of ratified Conventions. The Committee therefore requests the Government to make a special effort to supply a report indicating in detail, for each Article of the Convention, the legislation and other measures under which each provision is applied. The Government may deem it useful to consider appropriate forms of ILO assistance in this area.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1999, published 88th ILC session (2000)

1. The Committee notes the brief statement supplied by the Government in its report. It notes that vocational guidance and training are part of a statewide programme and are carried out jointly with the social partners and representatives of the State and private sectors. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would forward a copy of the statewide programme mentioned and any other document aiming at comprehensive and coordinated policies and programmes of vocational guidance and vocational training as defined in the Convention (Part I of the report form).

2. The Committee recalls that first reports have particular importance since they constitute the basis on which it makes its initial assessment of the observance of ratified Conventions. The Committee therefore requests the Government to make a special effort to supply a report indicating in detail, for each Article of the Convention, the legislation and other measures under which each provision is applied. The Government may deem it useful to consider appropriate forms of ILO assistance in this area.