Informe provisional - Informe núm. 411, Junio 2025

Caso núm. 3184 (China) - Fecha de presentación de la queja:: 15-FEB-16 - Activo

Allegations: Arrest and detention of eight advisers and paralegals who have provided support services to workers and their organizations in handling individual and/or collective labour disputes, as well as police interference in industrial labour disputes

1. 166. The Committee last examined this case (submitted in February 2016) at its October 2023 meeting, when it presented an interim report to the Governing Body [see 404th Report, paras 208–224, approved by the Governing Body at its 349th Session (October–November 2023)].
2. 167. The complainant sent additional observations and new allegations in communications dated 24 October 2024.
3. 168. The Government forwarded its partial observations in communications dated 12 April and 1 October 2024, and 18 April 2025.
4. 169. China has not ratified either the Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87), or the Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98).

A. Previous examination of the case

1. 170. At its October 2023 meeting, the Committee made the following recommendations [see 404th Report, para. 224]:
   • (a) The Committee once again urges the Government to submit a detailed reply on each of the allegations of arrests, detention, ill-treatment and disappearance of labour activists and their supporters, as set out in Appendix I, as well as criminal charges laid against some and sanctions imposed. The Committee requests the Government to provide full particulars regarding Mr Wang Ji’ao, mentioned in Appendix II.
   • (b) The Committee once again urges the Government to transmit, without further delay, copies of judicial decisions in the cases of Messrs Meng, Wu Lijie, Zhang Zhiyu, Jian Hui, Wu Guijun, He Yuancheng, Song Jiahui, Yang Zhengjun, Wei Zhili, Ke Chengbing, Mi Jiuping, Liu Penghua, Yu Juncong and Li Zhan.
   • (c) The Committee expects the Government to transmit without further delay a copy of the investigation report into the allegations of harsh treatment of the labour activists while in custody which had revealed that Mr Zeng and others were not subject to cruel treatment while in detention.
   • (d) The Committee urges the Government to provide without further delay information on all measures taken or envisaged to ensure adequate protection against anti-union discrimination in law and in practice, to provide a copy of the report on the outcome of the above-mentioned investigation (cases of Messrs Liu Penghua and Yu Juncong) and detailed information on the alleged dismissals of Messrs Mi Jiuping, Li Zhan, Song Yiao, Kuang Hengshu, Zhang Baoyan and Chang Zhongge.
   • (e) The Committee once again urges the Government to take all steps, with the technical assistance of the Office, to facilitate constructive and inclusive dialogue with the social partners with a view to ensuring complete respect for freedom of association, including the right of workers to establish organizations of their own choosing, which implies, in particular, the effective possibility of forming, in a climate of full security, organizations independent both of those which exist already and of any political party, and to ensure the right to peaceful demonstration for workers and employers. It requests the Government to indicate all measures taken or envisaged in this respect.
   • (f) In view of the arbitrary nature of Mr Wang’s detention for allegedly advocating for workers’ rights in an environment where, as previously concluded by the Committee, the exercise of freedom of association is severely restricted in law and in practice, and in view of the absence of any information on the part of the Government, the Committee urges the Government to ensure the immediate release of this labour activist and to provide detailed observations on the ITUC allegations, including on the situation of Ms Hiang Xueqin.
   • (g) The Committee expects the Government to make additional efforts necessary to submit the remaining information requested without further delay so that the Committee will have available to it all necessary information to examine this case in full knowledge of the facts and once again invites the Government to accept a direct contacts mission to understand better the situation on the ground and resolve any pending matters.
   • (h) The Committee expresses its concern that the facts of this case, under examination since October 2016, indicate a systemic problem which has been seen to have had an impact on workers’ freedom of association by virtue of the numerous persons arrested, disappeared, and intimidated for having tried to defend workers’ collective interests and for whom the Government has consistently failed to provide the detailed information requested by the Committee, including as to whether charges are still pending against any of the labour activists and on the steps taken to ensure complete respect for freedom of association. In light of the persistent failure by the Government to provide detailed information on the above and to take steps to address the Committee’s long-standing recommendations, the Committee finds itself obliged to draw the Governing Body’s attention to the serious and urgent nature of this case.

B. The complainant’s additional allegations

1. 171. In its communication dated 24 October 2024, the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) indicates that the Government has shown no intention of bringing legislation into line with the Committee’s recommendations or of reviewing and amending the Trade Union Law. The ITUC alleges that under the current legal framework, anyone who expresses a different opinion on laws and practices governing labour and industrial relations in China is considered to be in violation of the Criminal Law.
2. 172. The ITUC recalls that on 11 August 2022, labour activist Mr Wang Jiangbing and women rights activist Ms Hiang Xueqin were charged with inciting subversion of state power under article 105(2) of the Criminal Law. The indictment was not officially released until they were put on trial a year later. On 22 September 2023, both activists were brought before the Guangzhou Intermediate People’s Court for trial. Mr Wang Jiangbing was accused of following an overseas anti-China network group while studying in the United Kingdom in 2020, posting false statements on social media to defame China’s Government and sociopolitical system, and receiving online training on non-violent movements. After returning from the United Kingdom in November 2020, Mr Wang Jiangbing formed a group and held regular meetings with Ms Hiang Xueqin at his rented apartment to discuss social issues in China and incite participants. According to the ITUC, the prosecutor cited a number of acts by Ms Hiang Xueqin that were allegedly subversive, including: (1) repeatedly publishing articles and remarks on online platforms and social media in China and abroad since 2019, and giving speeches at an international online conference in 2021 that misrepresented and defamed the Government and promoted subversive ideas; (2) attending and participating in an online training course on non-violent movements and social movements around the world conducted by overseas organizations between 2020 and 2021; and (3) conducting ten online training sessions concerning social issues and events at home and abroad to incite discontent against the Government. On 14 June 2024, Mr Wang Jiangbing was sentenced to three and a half years’ imprisonment, while Ms Hiang Xueqin was sentenced to five years’ imprisonment. The ITUC provides a copy of the decisions. Both activists appealed their sentences and remain in detention at Guangzhou No. 1 Detention Center. On 13 September 2024, Mr Wang Jiangbing and Ms Hiang Xueqin informed their lawyers that their appeals had been heard in secret by the Guangzhou Municipal High Court and that their convictions and sentences had been upheld. The lawyers had not been informed by the court of the hearing, and their clients were not represented by their lawyers at the appeal proceeding. The ITUC condemns the convictions and sentencing of labour activist Mr Wang Jianbing and women’s rights activist Ms Hiang Xueqin for subversion of state power. The ITUC considers that their convictions are based solely on their opinions and their organizing and networking activities on labour, social, gender equality and other social and political issues with workers, labour activists, youth and students. It indicates in this respect that the three-page indictment makes general accusations against the two activists, rather than providing details on what constitutes an act of subversion. It further points out that the offence of subverting state power and the socialist system in China under article 105 of the Criminal Law has no definition. Inciting subversion under article 105(2), which was used to convict the two activists, punishes “whoever incites others by spreading rumours or slander or by any other means to subvert state power or overthrow the socialist system ...”. According to the ITUC, this provision has been used to incriminate speech and opinion. The ITUC further alleges that Mr Wang Jianbing was denied proper medical care and treatment for his illnesses while in detention.

C. The Government’s reply

1. 173. In its communications dated 12 April and 1 October 2024, and 18 April 2025, the Government reiterates that it fully guarantees freedom of association to its citizens and ensures that the exercise of this right is based on the Constitution and relevant laws. It further reiterates that trade union organizations have played an important role in safeguarding the rights and interests of workers. The Government once again emphasizes that when exercising their rights, citizens shall abide by national laws and regulations to uphold the social and public order and ensure the legitimate rights of other people and organizations. The Government once again points out that persons mentioned in this case were investigated and punished not for establishing trade unions or participating in trade union activities, but for using illegal means in the process of dealing with labour disputes and for violating the Criminal Law. The courts and public security bodies handle these cases in strict accordance with the procedures set out in the legislation so that the rights of the parties are effectively safeguarded.
2. 174. Regarding Mr Wang Ji’ao, the Government indicates that on 18 January 2019, he was suspected of theft and imposed the measure of criminal detention by the public security body of Beijing Municipality. On 2 May 2019, this measure was changed to one of obtaining a guarantor pending trial, which was lifted upon its expiration in accordance with the law. Mr Wang Ji’ao got back to his normal life; public security bodies have not taken any coercive measures against him.
3. 175. As for Ms Hiang Xueqin and Mr Wang Jiangbing, the Government indicates that public security bodies in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, concluded the investigation involving these two individuals suspected of endangering national security, and lawfully transferred them to the People’s Procuratorate of Guangzhou City for examination and prosecution. On 22 September 2023, the Intermediate People’s Court of Guangzhou City heard their case in accordance with the law and concluded that they had incited others by spreading rumours or slanders or through other means to subvert the state power or overthrow the socialist system, and their acts have constituted the crime of inciting subversion of the state power. Ms Hiang Xueqin and Mr Wang Jiangbing appealed the decision. The Guangzhou Provincial High People’s Court is currently undertaking the second instance procedures. The Government emphasizes that the judicial bodies have handled the cases of Ms Hiang Xueqin and Mr Wang Jiangbing in accordance with law and fully protected their rights in the process. The Government points out that the two individuals were arrested and tried by the judicial authorities on suspicion of endangering national security and inciting subversion of the state power, which has nothing to do with organizing trade unions or participating in trade union activities. In its communication dated 18 April 2025, the Government indicates that Mr Wang Jiangbing has now been released after serving his sentence.
4. 176. The Government provides the following information regarding the individuals mentioned in the appendix:
   • Ms Yue Xin: public security bodies handled the case in accordance with the law and ensured that her legitimate rights and interests were protected. Ms Yue Xin lives and works in Beijing, is able to carry out her activities freely and without hindrance, and is not facing any further charges; and
   • Messrs He Pengchao, Zheng Shiyou, Liang Xiaogang, Mi Jiuping, Yu Juncong, Liu Penghua, and Li Zhan were subject to criminal compulsory measures by public security authorities because of their attacks on the Shenzhen Jasic Technology Company (hereafter, the technology company) and the police station under its jurisdiction, which seriously disturbed the social order. They were transferred to the investigating authorities for examination and prosecution, and sentenced by the court. They have now been released, and public security bodies have not yet taken any coercive measure against these persons.
5. 177. As for the remaining information requested by the Committee, the Government emphasizes that it has cooperated with the Committee, spent a lot of energy and made tremendous efforts to collect and provide information on persons and the two companies mentioned in this case and provided specific information on how the judicial authorities had fully ensured the legitimate rights and interests of persons concerned. The Government points out that according to the Criminal Procedure Law and its judicial interpretation, there is no legal basis for the Government to provide copies of judicial decisions to international organizations. Since the beginning of the examination of this case, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of China has maintained communication with the Committee and the Office, submitted a large number of replies, repeatedly elaborated on the principles and position of the Government, explained the situation of the persons involved, and requested the Committee to conclude the case as soon as possible. The Government expresses its deep regret at the status of the case and further expresses the hope that the Committee will adhere to an objective and impartial position, take into full consideration the information it has provided and conclude the examination of this case as soon as possible. The Government indicates its willingness to continue to communicate with the ILO in this regard.

D. The Committee’s conclusions

1. 178. The Committee recalls that this case, lodged in February 2016, concerns allegations of arrest and detention on charges of “gathering a crowd to disturb public order” of advisers and paralegals who have provided support services to workers and their organizations in handling individual and/or collective labour disputes.
2. 179. The Committee takes due note of the efforts made by the Government to provide information in relation to eight individuals who were reportedly arrested in 2018 – Ms Yue Xin and Messrs He Pengchao, Zheng Shiyou, Liang Xiaogang, Mi Jiuping, Yu Juncong, Liu Penghua, and Li Zhan – mentioned in the appendix. While appreciating the Government’s indication that these individuals are currently free and do not face prosecution, the Committee regrets that the Government does not provide any information on the precise charges brought against them and merely refers, in relation to the seven individuals other than Ms Yue Xin, to disturbance of the social order. The Committee finds itself bound once again to urge the Government to submit a detailed reply on each of the remaining allegations of arrest, detention, ill-treatment and disappearance of labour activists and their supporters, as set out in the appendix, as well as any criminal charges laid against them and sanctions imposed.
3. 180. The Committee takes due note of the information provided by the Government in relation to Mr Wang Ji’ao, who was listed in Appendix II. It understands that Mr Wang Ji’ao is no longer under investigation or any other coercive measure.
4. 181. While noting the Government’s indication that it has provided information relating to a number of individuals named in the complaint, the Committee observes with deep regret that despite its repeated requests, the Government has yet to provide a copy of the judicial decisions relating to the cases of Messrs Meng and Wu Lijie (convicted of the crime of illegal business operation and sentenced to three years’ imprisonment and a fine of 30,000 Chinese yuan renminbi on 13 November 2019), Zhang Zhiyu, Jian Hui, Wu Guijun, He Yuancheng, Song Jiahui (all five convicted of the crime of assembling crowds to disturb public order and sentenced to various terms of probation on 24 April 2020), Yang Zhengjun, Wei Zhili, Ke Chengbing (all three tried on 24 April 2020 on suspicion of provocative offences and sentenced to one year and six months’ imprisonment with a three year probation term) and Mi Jiuping, Liu Penghua, Yu Juncong and Li Zhan (all four sentenced in April 2019 to one year and six months’ imprisonment with a three year probation term for the crime of assembling crowds to disrupt public order). The Committee once again notes with deep regret that the Government has not provided copies of the relevant judicial decisions requested. The Committee notes in this respect that the Government indicates that it cannot provide court judgments as the legislation in force does not provide for such a possibility, which implies that court decisions and judgments are not public. The Committee therefore once again recalls that in cases where the complainants alleged that trade union leaders or workers had been arrested for trade union activities, and the governments’ replies amounted to general denials of the allegation or were simply to the effect that the arrests were made for subversive activities, for reasons of internal security or for common law crimes, the Committee has always followed the rule that the governments concerned should be requested to submit further and as precise information as possible concerning the arrests, particularly in connection with the legal or judicial proceedings instituted as a result thereof and the result of such proceedings, in order to be able to make a proper examination of the allegations. The Committee further once again recalls that in many cases, it has asked the governments concerned to communicate the texts of any judgments that have been delivered together with the grounds adduced therefor [see Compilation of decisions of the Committee on Freedom of Association, sixth edition, 2018, paras 178–179]. While taking due note of the Government’s indication that its court decisions are not public, the Committee is obliged to observe once again the general nature of the accusations against the above labour activists and the absence of detailed information from the Government which, without the corresponding judicial decisions, impedes the Committee’s consideration of whether, as the Government maintains, these charges were wholly unrelated to the workers union activities. In these circumstances, the Committee must once again urge the Government to take the necessary measures, including legislative if necessary, to transmit without further delay copies of the judicial decisions in the cases of Messrs Meng, Wu Lijie, Zhang Zhiyu, Jian Hui, Wu Guijun, He Yuancheng, Song Jiahui, Yang Zhengjun, Wei Zhili, Ke Chengbing, Mi Jiuping, Liu Penghua, Yu Juncong and Li Zhan.
5. 182. The Committee recalls the ITUC allegation of a near complete absence of civic space for independent public advocacy or collective labour actions in China exacerbated by digital surveillance and stringent restrictions on and suppression of civil liberties and freedom of expression and, against this background, of the arrest of labour activist Mr Wang Jiangbing and Ms Hiang Xueqin on 19 September 2021. In view of the arbitrary nature of Mr Wang’s detention for allegedly advocating for workers’ rights in an environment where the exercise of freedom of association is severely restricted in law and in practice, the Committee urged the Government to ensure the immediate release of this labour activist and to provide detailed observations on the ITUC allegations, including on the situation of Ms Hiang Xueqin. The Committee notes with deep regret that the Government’s reply is limited to the indication that the case of Ms Hiang Xueqin and Mr Wang Jiangbing was heard in accordance with the law by the Intermediate People’s Court of Guangzhou City on 22 September 2023, that these two individuals appealed this decision, and the general statement that their rights were safeguarded in the process. The Committee also notes that in its communication dated 18 April 2025, the Government indicates that Mr Wang Jianbing has been released after serving his sentence. The Committee notes, however, that according to the ITUC communication dated 24 October 2024, Mr Wang Jiangbing and Ms Hiang Xueqin were sentenced to three and a half and five years’ imprisonment, respectively, and that their appeals were heard behind closed doors and in the absence of their lawyers. The ITUC also alleges that Mr Wang Jianbing was denied proper medical care and treatment for his illnesses while in detention. With reference to the considerations set out in the paragraph above, the Committee expresses its deep concern that the charges against the two activists, which appear to be related to their labour, social and economic activities and participation in conferences, resulted in their sentencing to prison terms of three and a half and five years. The Committee urges the Government to provide detailed information on the charges brought against them and to transmit a copy of the judicial decision in the appeal cases of Mr Wang Jiangbing and Ms Hiang Xueqin. Given the apparent contradiction between the complainant’s allegations concerning his sentencing and the Government’s information about his release, the Committee requests the Government to confirm that Mr Wang Jiangbing is no longer being detained and if that is not the case, to ensure his release and that of Ms Hiang Xueqin without delay if they were indeed convicted in relation to their above-mentioned activities. The Committee once again urges the Government to provide detailed observations on the ITUC allegations.
6. 183. The Committee further recalls that it had requested the Government to transmit a copy of the investigation report into the allegations of harsh treatment of the labour activists while in custody which had revealed that Mr Zeng and others were not subject to cruel treatment while in detention. Noting with deep regret the absence of any information in this respect, the Committee is obliged to reiterate its previous request. The Committee urges the Government to transmit a copy of the investigation report to which it had previously referred without further delay.
7. 184. With regard to its previous recommendation regarding the dismissal of workers from the technology company, the Committee once again notes with regret that the Government provides no concrete and specific information on measures taken or envisaged to ensure adequate protection against anti-union discrimination in law and in practice, nor on the alleged dismissals of Messrs Mi Jiuping, Li Zhan, Song Yiao, Kuang Hengshu, Zhang Baoyan and Chang Zhongge. The Committee further notes with regret that the Government does not provide a copy of the report on the outcome of the investigation involving Messrs Liu Penghua and Yu Juncong. The Committee reiterates its previous request and once again urges the Government to provide the information without further delay.
8. 185. The Committee deeply regrets to note the persistent reports submitted by the complainant since 2016 alleging that the Government has arrested, detained and prosecuted labour activists for engaging in peaceful protest to defend the economic and social interests of workers. The Committee recalls that while persons engaged in trade union activities or holding trade union office cannot claim immunity in respect of the ordinary criminal law, the arrest of, and criminal charges brought against, trade unionists may only be based on legal requirements that in themselves do not infringe the principles of freedom of association [see Compilation, para. 133]. The Committee further recalls that the detention of trade unionists for reasons connected with their activities in defence of the interests of workers constitutes a serious interference with civil liberties in general and with trade union rights in particular [see Compilation, para. 123].
9. 186. The Committee further recalls that it had urged the Government to take all steps, with the technical assistance of the Office, to facilitate constructive and inclusive dialogue with the social partners with a view to ensuring complete respect for freedom of association, including the right of workers to establish organizations of their own choosing, which implies, in particular, the effective possibility of forming, in a climate of full security, organizations independent both of those which exist already and of any political party, and to ensure the right to peaceful demonstration for workers and employers. The Committee regrets that once again the Government merely reiterates that trade union organizations have played an important role in safeguarding the rights and interests of workers, and that when exercising their rights, citizens shall abide by national laws and regulations to uphold the social and public order and ensure the legitimate rights of other people and organizations. Noting with deep regret the absence of any information on the steps taken to facilitate constructive and inclusive dialogue with the social partners and with the technical assistance of the Office, the Committee reiterates its previous request and expects the Government to provide information on all measures taken or envisaged with a view to facilitating this dialogue in order to ensure complete respect for freedom of association.
10. 187. The Committee had previously recalled that such grave allegations as examined in this case figure among the terms set out in paragraph 54 of the Special procedures for the examination in the International Labour Organization of complaints alleging violations of freedom of association. The Committee once again expresses its concern that the facts of this case, under examination since October 2016, indicate a systemic problem which has been seen to have had an impact on workers’ freedom of association by virtue of the numerous persons arrested, disappeared, and intimidated for having tried to defend workers’ collective interests and for whom the Government has consistently failed to provide the detailed information requested by the Committee, including as to whether charges are still pending against any of the labour activists and on the steps taken to ensure complete respect for freedom of association. In light of the persistent failure by the Government to provide detailed information on the above and to take steps to address the Committee’s long-standing recommendations, the Committee finds itself once again obliged to draw the Governing Body’s attention to the serious and urgent nature of this case. The Committee urges the Government to make additional efforts to submit the remaining information requested without further delay so that the Committee will have available to it all necessary information to examine this case in full knowledge of the facts and once again invites the Government to accept a direct contacts mission to understand better the situation on the ground and resolve any pending matters.

The Committee’s recommendations

1. 188. In the light of its foregoing interim conclusions, the Committee invites the Governing Body to approve the following recommendations:
   • (a) The Committee once again urges the Government to submit a detailed reply on each of the remaining allegations of arrests, detention, ill-treatment and disappearance of 23 labour activists and supporters, as set out in the appendix, as well as any criminal charges brought and sanctions imposed.
   • (b) The Committee urges the Government to take the necessary measures, including legislative, if necessary, to transmit without further delay copies of the judicial decisions (or at the least, sufficiently detailed summaries to enable the Committee to examine the trade union nature of their convictions) in the cases of Messrs Meng, Wu Lijie, Zhang Zhiyu, Jian Hui, Wu Guijun, He Yuancheng, Song Jiahui, Yang Zhengjun, Wei Zhili, Ke Chengbing, Mi Jiuping, Liu Penghua, Yu Juncong and Li Zhan.
   • (c) The Committee urges the Government to provide detailed information on the charges brought against Mr Wang Jiangbing and Ms Hiang Xueqin and to transmit without delay a copy of the judicial decision in their appeal cases. The Committee further requests the Government to confirm that Mr Wang Jiangbing was released and if that is not the case, to ensure his and Ms Hiang Xueqin’s release without delay if they were indeed convicted in relation to their labour, social and economic activities. The Committee once again urges the Government to provide detailed observations on the allegation by the International Trade Union Confederation of a near complete absence of civic space for independent public advocacy or collective labour actions in China exacerbated by digital surveillance and stringent restrictions on and suppression of civil liberties and freedom of expression.
   • (d) The Committee urges the Government to transmit without further delay a copy of the investigation report into the allegations of harsh treatment of the labour activists while in custody which had revealed that Mr Zeng and others were not subject to cruel treatment while in detention.
   • (e) The Committee once again urges the Government to provide without further delay information on all measures taken or envisaged to ensure adequate protection against anti-union discrimination in law and in practice, to provide a copy of the report on the outcome of the above-mentioned investigation (cases of Messrs Liu Penghua and Yu Juncong) and detailed information on the alleged dismissals of Messrs Mi Jiuping, Li Zhan, Song Yiao, Kuang Hengshu, Zhang Baoyan and Chang Zhongge.
   • (f) The Committee once again urges the Government to take all steps, with the technical assistance of the Office, to facilitate constructive and inclusive dialogue with the social partners with a view to ensuring complete respect for freedom of association, including the right of workers to establish organizations of their own choosing, which implies, in particular, the effective possibility of forming, in a climate of full security, organizations independent both of those which exist already and of any political party, and to ensure the right to peaceful demonstration for workers and employers. It requests the Government to indicate all measures taken or envisaged in this respect.
   • (g) The Committee urges the Government to make additional efforts necessary to submit the remaining information requested without further delay so that the Committee will have available to it all necessary information to examine this case in full knowledge of the facts and once again invites the Government to accept a direct contacts mission to understand better the situation on the ground and resolve any pending matters.
   • (h) The Committee expresses its concern that the facts of this case, under examination since October 2016, indicate a systemic problem which has been seen to have had an impact on workers’ freedom of association by virtue of the numerous persons arrested, disappeared and intimidated for having tried to defend workers’ collective interests and for whom the Government has consistently failed to provide the detailed information requested by the Committee, including as to whether charges are still pending against any of the labour activists and on the steps taken to ensure complete respect for freedom of association. In light of the persistent failure by the Government to provide detailed information on the above and to take steps to address the Committee’s long-standing recommendations, the Committee finds itself obliged to draw the Governing Body’s attention to the serious and urgent nature of this case.

Appendix

1. 1. Ms Shen Mengyu: graduate of Sun Yat-sen University. Arrested for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
2. 2. Ms Gu Jiayue: graduate of Peking University, taken from her home on 24 August 2018, charged with “picking quarrels and provoking trouble” and is being held under “residential surveillance at a designated place”. Arrested for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
3. 3. Mr Xu Zhongliang: graduate of University of Science and Technology Beijing, detained since 24 August 2018, charged with “picking quarrels and provoking trouble” and is being held under “residential surveillance at a designated place”. Arrested for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
4. 4. Mr Zheng Yongming: graduate of Nanjing Agricultural University, detained since 24 August 2018, charged with “picking quarrels and provoking trouble” and is being held under “residential surveillance at a designated place”. Arrested for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
5. 5. Mr Shang Kai: editor of a leftist media website Hongse Cankao, taken away by Guangdong police on 24 August 2018 from the office of Hongse Cankao. Still missing.
6. 6. Mr Fu Changguo: staff member of a workers’ centre, Dagongzhe, detained since August 2018, charged with “gathering a crowd to disrupt social order”. Unable to identify where he was detained since his arrest. Denied access to lawyers and his family.
7. 7. Mr Yang Shaoqiang: graduate of University of Science and Technology Beijing, taken from his home in August 2018, charged with “picking quarrels and provoking trouble”. Whereabouts unknown. No further information.
8. 8. Mr Tang Jialiang: postgraduate student at Beijing Institute of Technology, forcibly disappeared since early September 2018. Still missing.
9. 9. Mr Zhang Shengye: graduate of Peking University, taken from campus and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. Arrested for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
10. 10. Ms Sun Min: graduate of Peking University, taken away in Guangzhou and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. Arrested for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
11. 11. Mr Zong Yang: graduate of Peking University, taken away in Beijing and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. Arrested for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
12. 12. Mr Tang Xiangwei: worker supporter, taken away by police in Wuhan for supporting Jasic workers and forcibly disappeared on 11 November 2018. No further information.
13. 13. Ms Zheng Yiran: graduate of Beijing Language and Culture University, taken away in Beijing and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. Arrested for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
14. 14. Mr Lu Daxing: graduate of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, taken away in Beijing and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. Arrested for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
15. 15. Ms Li Xiaoxian: graduate of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, taken away in Beijing and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. Arrested for supporting Jasic workers. Not reachable.
16. 16. Ms Wang Xiangyi: graduate of Peking University, founder of Qingying Dreamworks Social Worker Centre, taken away by police in Shenzhen and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. No further information.
17. 17. Ms Jian Xiaowei: graduate of Renmin University, staff member of Qingying Dreamworks Social Worker Centre, taken away by police in Shenzhen and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. No further information.
18. 18. Ms Kang Yanyan: graduate of University of Science and Technology Beijing, staff member of Qingying Dreamworks Social Worker Centre, taken away by police in Shenzhen and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. No further information.
19. 19. Ms Hou Changshan: graduate of Beijing Foreign Studies University, staff member of Qingying Dreamworks Social Worker Centre, taken away by police in Shenzhen and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. No further information.
20. 20. Ms Wang Xiaomei: graduate of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, staff member of Qingying Dreamworks Social Worker Centre, taken away by police in Shenzhen and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. No further information.
21. 21. Ms He Xiumei: supporter of Qingying Dreamworks Social Worker Centre, taken away by police in Shenzhen and forcibly disappeared on 9 November 2018. No further information.
22. 22. Ms Zou Liping: local trade union staff member, detained in Shenzhen on 9 November 2018, charged with “picking quarrels and provoking trouble”. Taken away by police. Forcibly disappeared. No further information.
23. 23. Mr Li Ao: local trade union staff member, detained in Shenzhen on 9 November 2018, charged with “picking quarrels and provoking trouble”. Taken away by police. Forcibly disappeared. No further information.